Human health‐based soil cleanup guidelines for diesel fuel no. 2

Millner, Glenn C.; James, Robert C.; Nye, Alan C.

doi:10.1080/15320389209383407

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Furthermore, an average H:C ratio of 1.85 was assumed, Ž . which is typical for hydrocarbons in diesel fuel Millner et al, 1992 . The expected and observed DIC production agreed well in the first half of the column Ž . Fig.…”

Section: Dic and Alkalinity Balancessupporting

confidence: 60%

99/00357 Petroleum hydrocarbon mineralization in anaerobic laboratory aquifer columns

1999

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

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The anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbons at mineral oil contaminated sites has gathered increasing interest as a naturally occurring remediation process. The aim of this study was to investigate biodegradation of hydrocarbons in laboratory aquifer columns in the absence of O 2 and NO 3 y , and to calculate a mass balance of the anaerobic biodegradation processes. The laboratory columns contained aquifer material from a diesel fuel contaminated aquifer. They were operated at 258C for 65 days with artificial groundwater that contained only SO 2y and CO 42 as externally supplied oxidants. After 31 days of column operation, stable concentration profiles were found for most of the measured dissolved species. Within 14 h residence time, about 0.24 mM SO 4 2y were consumed and dissolved Fe II Ž.Žup to 0.012 mM ,.Mn II Ž.Žup to 0.06 mM ,.and CH 4 Žup to 0.38 mM were produced. The alkalinity and the dissolved inorganic carbon .ŽDIC concentration . increased and the DIC became enriched in 13 C. In the column, n-alkanes were selectively removed while branched alkanes persisted, suggesting a biological degradation. Furthermore, based on changes of concentrations of aromatic compounds with similar physical-chemical properties in the effluent, it was concluded that toluene, p-xylene and naphthalene were degraded. A carbon mass balance revealed that 65% of the hydrocarbons removed from the column were recovered as DIC, 20% were recovered as CH 4 , and 15% were eluted from the column. The calculations indicated that hydrocarbon mineralization coupled to SO 4 2y reduction and methanogenesis contributed in equal proportions to the hydrocarbon removal. Hydrocarbon mineralization coupled to ) Corresponding author. Tel.: q41-1-633-6042; fax: q41-1-633-1122; e-mail: hoehener@ito.umnw.ethz.ch 1 Present address: BMG Engineering AG, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.Published in Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 32, issue 1-2, 1998 which should be used for any reference to this work Fe III Ž.and MnŽIV.reduction was of minor importance. DIC, alkalinity, and stable carbon isotope balances were shown to be a useful tool to verify hydrocarbon mineralization.

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Section: Dic and Alkalinity Balancessupporting

confidence: 60%

99/00357 Petroleum hydrocarbon mineralization in anaerobic laboratory aquifer columns

1999

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

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“…Such factors have been developed recently by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA 1992b) and others (e.g., Millner et al 1992). Toxicity factors based on complete petroleum product mixtures are advantageous because they can account for the toxicity of all components of the mixture and any additive or other effects resulting from simultaneous exposures to multiple chemicals.…”

Section: Toxicity Factors For Specific Petroleum Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleanup standards for petroleum hydrocarbons. Part 1. Review of methods and recent developments

Michelsen

Boyce

1993

Journal of Soil Contamination

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Many states across the U.S. use the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) measurement as a regulatory tool for setting cleanup standards for underground storage tank sites and other petroleum-related sites requiring cleanup. In Part I of this article, alternative techniques for developing site-specific cleanup standards for petroleum hydrocarbons are reviewed, including the use of chemical fingerprinting, constituent analysis, and risk assessment methods that address hydrocarbons found in the environment. New developments in standard setting for petroleum hydrocarbons are described, including risk-based standards for hydrocarbon mixtures and ecological risk-based approaches. In Part 2 of this article, the cost-effectiveness and accuracy of the most commonly used of these approaches will be evaluated by comparing a generic TPH cleanup standards approach with site-specific cleanup standards approaches for two actual sites in Washington State, a neighborhood gas station and a former bulk fuel storage facility.

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“…Therefore, based on a NOAEL in this study of 300 mg/m 3 , a corresponding EOD of 486 mg/kg/d, and an UF of 3,000 (HASD), the RfD s for marine diesel is estimated as 0.162 mg/kg/d. Millner, Nye, and James, 1992, developed an oral CSF for diesel fuel no. 2 based on six dermal carcinogenicity studies in mice.…”

Section: Marine Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum‐related risk factors and soil screening levels

Staats¹,

Mattie²,

Fisher³

1997

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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In an effort to develop risk-based Soil Screening Levels (SSLs) for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in weathered soils, literature reviews were conducted to identify information regarding toxicology and previously developed oral risk factors for neat petroleum products and their potential surrogates, in particular, long chain petroleum hydrocarbons (LCPHs). Oral reference doses (RfDs) were identified in the literature for hexane; nonane; gasoline; JE-4; JP-5; marine diesel fuel; and mineral oil. Alternative RfDs s are proposed for these previously developed oral RfDs and new oral RfDs s were developed for other petroleum-related chemicals where sufficient toxicological information was available. RfDs s were developed for hexane; nonane; decane; C 10 -C 11 isoparaffinic hydrocarbon; dearomatized white spirit C 11 -C 12 ; gasoline; JP-4; JP-5; JP-7; JP-8; marine diesel fuel; mineral oil; and for petroleum wax. Then risk-based SSLs were estimated for each of these compounds using the oral RfDs and the child resident soil ingestion pathway. Finally, a general SSL of 25,000 mg/kg is proposed for LCPHs.

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Human health‐based soil cleanup guidelines for diesel fuel no. 2

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

99/00357 Petroleum hydrocarbon mineralization in anaerobic laboratory aquifer columns

99/00357 Petroleum hydrocarbon mineralization in anaerobic laboratory aquifer columns

Cleanup standards for petroleum hydrocarbons. Part 1. Review of methods and recent developments

Petroleum‐related risk factors and soil screening levels

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