Human Health Consequences of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

Abstract

Daily use of chemicals is an essential part of modern life. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a heterogeneous group of exogenous chemicals or chemical mixtures that interfere with the action of hormones and consequently cause adverse effects to humans and wildlife. The number of EDCs has markedly increased over the past 60 years. Humans are constantly exposed to hundreds of EDCs mainly through air, water, and food. Exposure to EDCs (in utero or lifetime) may be a significant component of the environmental origin of several medical conditions. The developing fetus and neonate are more sensitive than adults to perturbation by EDCs. The prenatal damage can cause adverse consequences later in life (developmental origins of adult disease). In many cases, the damage is irreversible. There is also a possibility of transgenerational effects. By interfering with hormonal functions, EDCs can contribute to a variety of dysfunctions and diseases including obesity, diabetes, reproductive disorders, and cancers. Information on long-term effects of chronic, low-dose exposure to EDCs is relatively limited. EDCs represent a global threat for human health and cause a high cost for the society. Promoting public knowledge and initiating preventive measures will help minimizing the health and economic consequences of EDCs for future generations.

Characterization and quantification of endocrine disruptors in female menstrual blood samples

“…This class of chemicals is usually found in plastic products, most household products, as well as the environment [23] , [5] . Human exposure pathways to EDCs are mainly through the intake of food, water and dust, inhalation of gases and particles and dermal contact [27] . EDCs have been found in surface water, sediment, groundwater, and even drinking water in many countries [14] , [7] .…”

“…Humans may come into contact with environmental contaminants through several routes [27] . Monitoring of contaminants is essential for the determination of their effects on individuals.…”