Human health hazard implications of heavy metals in agricultural foodstuff grown around brick kiln areas in Bangladesh

Abstract

Heavy metal toxicity has proven to be a major threat to human and have health hazard for consuming agricultural foodstuff grown around brick kiln areas. The hazardous effects of heavy metals are very harmful for the human body. Heavy metals get accumulated in the body and food chain, exhibiting a chronic nature. This research was conducted to evaluate the concentration of six common heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb) in agricultural foodstuff associated health implications in Bangladesh which grown in brick kiln vicinity. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) deterministic approaches were employed to determine the potential health risk of heavy metals in foodstuff. Estimated daily intake (EDI), noncarcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk were assessed to explore human health hazard specially children. Heavy metals concentration for all foodstuffs exceed maximum allowable concentration causing potential health risk to consumer of present study areas. The EDI of Cr, Ni, As, Cd and Pb were found higher than maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI).Total THQ for all metals were more than 1 explaining consumers would face severe health hazard if they ingest these metals from agricultural foodstuffs. Calculated HI values are higher than 1 cause noncarcinogenic risk to adult and children. Again the estimation described that CR of As (6.10E+00 for adult; 2.60E+00 for children) and Pb (2.60E-01for adult; 2.30E-01 for children) exceeded the USEPA accepted risk level (10 -6 ) clearly revealed that consumption of these foodstuffs definitely poses cancer risks to the Bangladeshi population.