Human health risk ​and receptor model-oriented sources of heavy metal pollution in commonly consume vegetable and fish species of high Ganges river floodplain agro-ecological area, Bangladesh

Assessment of human health hazard associated with heavy metal accumulation in popular freshwater, coastal and marine fishes from south-west region, Bangladesh

“…Our result showed that Cu concentration in all freshwater fish samples were below the permissible limit 4.5 mg/kg [ 35 ]. The average Cu concentration of fish species was 4.71 mg/kg in western part of Bangladesh [ 36 ]. The Cu concentration was 7.089 mg/kg [ 37 ].…”

Spatial distribution and source apportionment of DTPA-extractable metals in soils surrounding the largest Serbian steel production plant

“…The single-method source analysis could derive the imprecise evaluation of contamination sources, leading to the disputation of the reliability of model results. Therefore, it is advantageous to apply multiple receptor models to achieve reliable source identification and apportionment [ 62 , 63 ]. All multivariate analysis methods identified the common origin of Cd, Zn, and Pb, likely from a steel production plant.…”

Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health hazards of potentially toxic elements in commonly consumed rice cultivars in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

“…The EDIs of the potentially toxic elements were calculated using the following equation [ 21 ]: where E f is exposure frequency (365 days/year), E D is the exposure duration (72.3 years, the average life span for Bangladeshi [ 22 ]), F IR is the average food (rice) consumption (328.9 g/person/day [ 23 ]), C M is the metal concentration (mg/kg fresh weight (fw)), B W is the average body weight for an adult (60 kg), T A is the average exposure time (365 days × number of exposure years, i.e., 72.3 years in this case).…”

“…The target cancer risk has been computed using the formula from Chakraborty et al [ 21 ] as follows: where TCR is the target cancer risk over a lifetime, EDI is the estimated daily metal intake of the population (mg/kg/day) and CSFo is the oral cancer slope factor in (mg/kg/day) -1 . The CSFo values for As and Pb has been taken as 1.5 (mg/kg/day) -1 and 8.5 × 10 −3 (mg/kg/day) -1 , respectively from the Integrated Risk Information System database [ 25 ].…”