Human health risk assessment: Guideline values and magic numbers

Hester, R. E.; Harrison, Roy M.; Nathanail, C. Paul; Earl, Naomi

doi:10.1039/9781847550170-00085

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Humans are at risk from polluted soils through dermal contact, ingestion, consumption of food grown on polluted areas and inhalation of dusts or vapours (Nathanail and Earl 2001). Soils may fail to support vegetation ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediating polluted soils

Scullion

2006

Naturwissenschaften

105

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Scullion, J. (2006). Remediating polluted soils. ?Naturwissenschaften, 93, (2), 51-65.This review focuses on treatment-based remediation of soils and the acquisition of data to support and monitor this remediation. Only in the last two decades has significant progress been made in regulating for soil pollution, with a parallel development of methodologies for soil assessment and remediation. However, soil complexity remains a problem for pollutant measurements relevant to environmental risk and informative to the design or evaluation of remediation technologies. Understanding the distribution of pollutants between different soil phases and the kinetics of transfer between these pools is fundamental to prediction for these processes; further progress is needed to characterise less accessible pollutant pools and to develop guidelines for their analysis. Available remediation options include physical, chemical and biological treatments, and these options offer potential technical solutions to most soil pollution. However, selecting the most appropriate approach requires detailed information on how pollutants interact with soil physio-chemical properties. Only general information is available as to the effectiveness of specific treatment systems for particular soil type?pollutant combinations. Given the high degree of heterogeneity in physio-chemical characteristics and pollutant distribution of affected soils, prediction of treatment timescales and levels of residual contamination remains a problem. On sites with a range of organic and inorganic pollutants present, combinations of different treatment approaches may offer the best prospect for effective remediation. Further work is needed to provide evidence that residual contamination does not pose significant risk and to evaluate effects of treatments on general soil function in relation to this contamination.Peer reviewe

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediating polluted soils

Scullion

2006

Naturwissenschaften

105

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“…Historically, pollution of soil has been of limited concern. Humans are at risk from polluted soils through dermal contact, ingestion, consumption of food grown on polluted areas and inhalation of dusts or vapours [1]. Soils may fail to support vegetation because of phytotoxic effects of pollutants or disrupted biological cycling of nutrients.…”

Section: Pollution Definition and Polluted Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on the Organic Contaminants

Snousy¹

2017

SDRP-JESES

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“…Γερμανία, Bachmann, 1991). Οι άνθρωποι εκτίθενται σε κίνδυνο από ρυπασμένα εδάφη μέσω δερματικής επαφής, κατάποσης, κατανάλωσης τροφής που έχει αναπτυχθεί σε ρυπασμένα εδάφη και εισπνοή σκόνης ή ατμών (Nathanail and Earl, 2001). Τα εδάφη μπορεί να μην είναι σε θέση να αποφέρουν βλάστηση λόγω φυτοτοξικών επιδράσεων των ρύπων (Chaineau et al, 1997;Siddiqui et al, 2001) ή διακοπής του βιολογικού κύκλου των θρεπτικών συστατικών (Khan and Scullion, 1999;Belyaeva et al, 2005 Τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες υπάρχει μια αυξανόμενη ανησυχία όσον αφορά στους υγρούς οργανικούς ρύπους, λόγω της ευρείας χρησιμοποίησης τους στη βιομηχανία ως πρώτες ύλες και διαλύτες και κατά συνέπεια της παρουσίας τους στα βιομηχανικά απόβλητα (Collins et al, 2002).…”

Section: 27unclassified

Συγκριτική Αξιολόγηση Μεθόδων Απορρύπανσης Της Ακόρεστης Ζώνης Εδάφους Μολυσμένου Με Κηροζίνη

Τζοβόλου¹

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Soil contamination by industrial and urban wastes is nowadays one of the most important pollution problems worldwide. The petroleum hydrocarbons are included in the list of toxic pollutants that have contaminated extensive areas all over the world. An inevitable consequence of liquid pollutants release on the ground is their transport by a variety of mechanisms (e.g. gravity flow, dissolution, volatilization, dispersion, sorption, etc) in the unsaturated zone of soil, and subsequent pollution of the underlying aquifers. Conventional methods of ex-situ soil remediation are the soil excavation and its transportation in appropriate places (e.g. incinerator, bio-piles, etc). During the last years, there is a growing interest for the development and application of low-cost and sustainable (low environmental impact) in-situ soil remediation technologies.In the present work, two relatively new in-situ remediation technologies, bioventing and steam injection, were tested on the vadose zone of a low permeability and fractured glacial till sediment that was contaminated by jet fuel. The experimental site is situated in an abandoned military airport (Kluczewo) in North-Western Poland. The area was polluted extensively by jet fuel over a long period . The geological characterization revealed the existence of vertical desiccation fractures at the upper layers and horizontal/sub-horizontal tectonic fractures at the deeper ones, and a relatively low permeability and heterogeneous micro-porous matrix. The same geologic conditions dominate in a major part of the subsurface in Northern and Central Europe. Due to the multi-scale heterogeneities, ranging from the pore-scale to the field-scale, and the creation of preferential flow paths in such soils, it is very difficult to design successful remediation strategies based on vertical wells. For this reason, in both field experiments (bioventing and steam injection), the soil was stimulated by opening hydraulic fractures which acted as horizontal wells of fluid injection/extraction, and enhanced the influence radius of remediation. The main goal of the work is to evaluate, under field conditions, steam injection and bioventing as sustainable and efficient technologies for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from highly heterogeneous soils.In order to determine the efficiency of each remediation method, soil samples were collected from twelve wells and seven depths, and placed inside specific flasks pre-filled with dichloromethane (DCM). After the accelerated extraction of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) from the soil and its dissolution in DCM, the composition and concentration of hydrocarbons (NAPL) was performed by using GC-MS and GC-FID. In order to clarify the main NAPL removal mechanisms and ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 2

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Human health risk assessment: Guideline values and magic numbers

Cited by 8 publications

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Remediating polluted soils

Remediating polluted soils

An Overview on the Organic Contaminants

Συγκριτική Αξιολόγηση Μεθόδων Απορρύπανσης Της Ακόρεστης Ζώνης Εδάφους Μολυσμένου Με Κηροζίνη

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