Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water sources in three senatorial districts of Anambra State, Nigeria

Emmanuel, Ugwu Chidiebere; Chukwudi, Maduka Ignatius; Monday, Suru Stephen; Anthony, Anakwuo Ikechukwu

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.011

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results of this research present that there was a cancer risk to residents through the cumulative ingestion and dermal contact routes in the drinking water of the area. The results obtained in this study were lower than the values reported in similar studies of Anambra State, Nigeria (74), Kilimambogo, Kenya (75), and higher than the values in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (9), Kermanshah, Iran (15), and Pakistan (72).…”

Section: Chronic Daily Intakecontrasting

confidence: 92%

A Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Water Quality and Health Risk Assessment in Estie Denisa Spring and Wanka River, Ethiopia

Meke,

Tibebe,

Desalew

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study presents a comprehensive assessment of water quality in Estie Densa Spring and Wanka River in Ethiopia through the application of multivariate statistical methods. Water quality is a critical environmental parameter, and understanding its variations is essential for sustainable resource management. The research involves the collection of water samples from Estie Densa Spring and Wanka River, followed by the analysis of various physicochemical, nutrients and heavy metals parameters. Multivariate statistical methods, including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analyses, are employed to discern patterns and relationships within the dataset. Physicochemical parameters were measured using a multimeter and nutrients were measured using a portable photometer 7100 whereas heavy metals were determined by FAAS, after wet acid digestion. From the result, the range of physicochemical parameters and nutrients found in water samples were pH (6.4-8.1), EC (9.9-90 μS/cm), TDS (4.8-44.8 mg/L), Turbidity (4-315 NTU), Total alkalinity (1600 - 6800 mg/L), Temperature (21.3-28.6 ℃), Chlorine (35.6-213 mg/L), Phosphate (0.14-0.7 mg/L), Sulphate (1-4.25 mg/L), Ammonia (0.23-0.595 mg/L), Nitrate (1.2-11.8 mg/L) and Nitrite (0.015-0.139 mg/L). Among these parameters, only the level of turbidity was above the permissible limit. The levels of heavy metals (mg/L) in water samples were Cr (0.005-0.010), Mn (0.007-0.020), Ni (0.030-0.073), Fe (0.5- 0.71), Pb (0.005-0.006) and Cd (0.004-0.011). The levels of Fe and Cd, were higher than the permissible limit of WHO for drinking water which might have a risk for the consumers. The cumulative carcinogenicity risks of trace elements in the spring and river drinking water for adults and children were in the range of (9.2 ×10-3 - 2.52×10-2). which were above the acceptable monitored and controlled levels (1 × 10-4 – 1 × 10-6). Findings from this research contribute to the existing knowledge of water quality in the region, offering valuable information for decision-makers and environmental stakeholders. The application of multivariate statistical methods enhances the understanding of the interplay between various water quality parameters, facilitating more informed and targeted management strategies. Ultimately, this study serves as a basis for promoting sustainable water resource management practices in the context of Estie Densa Spring and Wanka River in Ethiopia.

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Section: Chronic Daily Intakecontrasting

confidence: 92%

A Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Water Quality and Health Risk Assessment in Estie Denisa Spring and Wanka River, Ethiopia

Meke,

Tibebe,

Desalew

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…In contrast, there are 20 locations where the risk assessed for the residential scenario exceeds the safe exposure threshold (HI = 1) for children, who are the most vulnerable receptors, mainly due to water ingestion. Water ingestion has been identified by several authors as one of the main entry routes of contaminants into the human body in contaminated areas (Emmanuel et al, 2022 ; Navoni et al, 2014 ). On the other hand, the dermal contact route presented HQ values in the range of 1.0E-5–1.0E-2 for both receptors, being its contribution insignificant in the evaluation of HI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Hg pollution in stream waters and human health risk in areas impacted by mining activities in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Mestanza-Ramón,

Jiménez-Oyola,

Montoya

et al. 2023

Environ Geochem Health

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Illegal gold mining activities have contributed to the release and mobilization of Hg and environmental degradation in many parts of the world. This study aims to determine the concentration of Hg in five provinces of the Amazon Region of Ecuador, in addition to assessing the risk to human health of exposed populations, applying deterministic and probabilistic methods. For this purpose, 147 water samples were collected in rivers and streams crossing and/or located near mining areas. As a result, 100% of the samples analyzed exceeded the maximum permissible limit (MPL) according to the water quality criteria for the preservation of aquatic life of the Ecuadorian regulations, while 7% of the samples exceeded the MPL for drinking water. On the other hand, considering the European Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) for surface water bodies, in our study, 100% of the samples exceed the maximum permissible limit (0.07 µg/L), and with respect to the Canadian water quality guidelines, 35% of the samples exceed the permissible limit (0.001 mg/l) for drinking water, and 100% of the samples exceed the limit for life in water bodies (0.0001 mg/l). The risk assessment revealed that the probability of developing adverse health effects from exposure to Hg is below the recommended limits according to the probabilistic assessment; this is in relation to the criterion of residential and recreational use of water resources. However, it was identified that the child population doubles the acceptable systemic risk level according to the results of the deterministic assessment in the residential scenario. This information can be used by decision-makers to implement strategies to reduce Hg contamination and exposure of the population in Ecuadorian Amazonian rivers.

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“…The burden of disease framework, encompassing both morbidity and mortality, facilitates a comprehensive appraisal of the societal repercussions of diseases. Through continuous research, surveillance, and collaboration, we can strive to alleviate the burden of disease, improve health outcomes, and enhance the overall well-being of individuals and communities 14 , 44 , 62 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of human health risk and disability-adjusted life years induced by heavy metals exposure through drinking water in Fars Province, Iran

Radfard,

Hashemi,

Baghapour

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Exposure to heavy metals in contaminated drinking water is strongly correlated with various cancers, highlighting the burden of disease. This study aimed to assess the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with exposure to heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in drinking water of Fars province and evaluate the attributed burden of disease. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment was performed using the hazard quotient (HQ) method, while the carcinogenic risk assessment utilized the excess lifetime cancer risk approach. The burden of disease was evaluated in terms of years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for three specific cancers: skin, lung, and kidney cancer. The average drinking water concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were determined to be 0.72, 0.4, 1.10 and 0.72 μg/L, respectively. The total average HQ of heavy metals in drinking water in the study area were 0.127, 0.0047, 0.0009 and 0.0069, respectively. The average ILCRs of heavy metal in the entire country were in the following order: 1.15 × 10−5 for As, 2.22 × 10−7 for Cd and 3.41 × 10−7 for Cr. The results also indicated that among the various counties analyzed, Fasa experiences the greatest burden of disease in terms of DALYs, with a value of 87.56, specifically attributed to cancers caused by exposure to arsenic. Generally, it can be said that the burden of disease is a critical aspect of public health that requires comprehensive understanding and effective intervention.

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Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water sources in three senatorial districts of Anambra State, Nigeria

Cited by 53 publications

References 33 publications

A Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Water Quality and Health Risk Assessment in Estie Denisa Spring and Wanka River, Ethiopia

A Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Water Quality and Health Risk Assessment in Estie Denisa Spring and Wanka River, Ethiopia

Assessment of Hg pollution in stream waters and human health risk in areas impacted by mining activities in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Prediction of human health risk and disability-adjusted life years induced by heavy metals exposure through drinking water in Fars Province, Iran

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