Human Health Risk Assessment of Chromium in Drinking Water: A Case Study of Sukinda Chromite Mine, Odisha, India

Naz, Aliya; Mishra, Brijesh Kumar; Gupta, Sunil Kumar

doi:10.1007/s12403-016-0199-5

Cited by 82 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Due to poor management, landfills [21,22] and municipal wastewater [23] have been the source of groundwater and soil pollution especially in developing countries. Occurrence of metals in groundwater in areas possessing mineral deposits and associated mining activities are common [24][25][26][27]. Potential risk of heavy metal contamination due to application of fertilisers was reported by many others [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Exposure Risk Assessment Due to Heavy Metals in Groundwater by Pollution Index and Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Case Study from South Africa

Elumalai

Brindha

Elango

2017

Water

134

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Heavy metals in surface and groundwater were analysed and their sources were identified using multivariate statistical tools for two towns in South Africa. Human exposure risk through the drinking water pathway was also assessed. Electrical conductivity values showed that groundwater is desirable to permissible for drinking except for six locations. Concentration of aluminium, lead and nickel were above the permissible limit for drinking at all locations. Boron, cadmium, iron and manganese exceeded the limit at few locations. Heavy metal pollution index based on ten heavy metals indicated that 85% of the area had good quality water, but 15% was unsuitable. Human exposure dose through the drinking water pathway indicated no risk due to boron, nickel and zinc, moderate risk due to cadmium and lithium and high risk due to silver, copper, manganese and lead. Hazard quotients were high in all sampling locations for humans of all age groups, indicating that groundwater is unsuitable for drinking purposes. Highly polluted areas were located near the coast, close to industrial operations and at a landfill site representing human-induced pollution. Factor analysis identified the four major pollution sources as: (1) industries; (2) mining and related activities; (3) mixed sources-geogenic and anthropogenic and (4) fertilizer application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Exposure Risk Assessment Due to Heavy Metals in Groundwater by Pollution Index and Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Case Study from South Africa

Elumalai

Brindha

Elango

2017

Water

134

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“…To appraise the non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to heavy metals present in water, HQ was used as given by Chai et al [26], Shah et al [27], Naz et al [28], and Karim [29] in Eq. 3.…”

Section: Human Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk assessment of the exposure of heavy metal contamination in surface water of lower Sindh, Pakistan

et al. 2019

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In developing countries like Pakistan, there is a lack of implementation of the environmental laws to manage discharges of untreated effluents, loaded with heavy metals, into freshwater. To evaluate the potential human health impacts from exposure to such polluted water, this study assessed the concentration of six heavy metals (i.e., Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Mn) in the surface water in lower Sindh, Pakistan. Water samples were collected from eight locations around Kotri barrage at Indus River both during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons to determine the temporal variations of the concentration of heavy metals. The concentrations of heavy metals were then compared with the drinking water quality guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). It was observed that in most cases, the concentrations of metals were significantly higher compared to WHO guidelines during the pre-monsoon period. To determine the potential human health risk associated with the exposure of heavy metals, both oral hazard index (HI oral) and dermal hazard index (HI dermal) were estimated. The results indicated that during pre-monsoon, HI oral was higher than the threshold limits at every location, while HI dermal was higher only at three locations. Nonetheless, during monsoon, these indices were within limits. It suggested that the health of the people dependent on these freshwater streams in the study area is at considerable risk. Finally, the findings of this study recommended the enforcement of the laws in its true spirit to regulate effluent discharges into these streams in order to avoid health vulnerability of millions of people.

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“…Limit/Guideline Value (µg L −1 ) Country/Organization Massachusetts (USA) [82] Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a toxic heavy metal, found in effluents from industries such as electroplating, steel and metal alloys production, leather tanning, cement, dye/pigment manufacturing, mining, photographic materials, paints, and fungicide production [6,83]. Its accumulation in the environment is a serious threat since Cr(VI) is a known mutagen, teratogen, and carcinogen, besides being also highly corrosive [84,85]. Its high solubility makes it a highly mobile element in the environment.…”

Section: Contaminantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioelectrochemical Systems for Removal of Selected Metals and Perchlorate from Groundwater: A Review

2018

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Groundwater contamination is a major issue for human health, due to its largely diffused exploitation for water supply. Several pollutants have been detected in groundwater; amongst them arsenic, cadmium, chromium, vanadium, and perchlorate. Various technologies have been applied for groundwater remediation, involving physical, chemical, and biological processes. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have emerged over the last 15 years as an alternative to conventional treatments for a wide variety of wastewater, and have been proposed as a feasible option for groundwater remediation due to the nature of the technology: the presence of two different redox environments, the use of electrodes as virtually inexhaustible electron acceptor/donor (anode and cathode, respectively), and the possibility of microbial catalysis enhance their possibility to achieve complete remediation of contaminants, even in combination. Arsenic and organic matter can be oxidized at the bioanode, while vanadium, perchlorate, chromium, and cadmium can be reduced at the cathode, which can be biotic or abiotic. Additionally, BES has been shown to produce bioenergy while performing organic contaminants removal, lowering the overall energy balance. This review examines the application of BES for groundwater remediation of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, vanadium, and perchlorate, focusing also on the perspectives of the technology in the groundwater treatment field.

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Human Health Risk Assessment of Chromium in Drinking Water: A Case Study of Sukinda Chromite Mine, Odisha, India

Cited by 82 publications

References 55 publications

Human Exposure Risk Assessment Due to Heavy Metals in Groundwater by Pollution Index and Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Case Study from South Africa

Human Exposure Risk Assessment Due to Heavy Metals in Groundwater by Pollution Index and Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Case Study from South Africa

Health risk assessment of the exposure of heavy metal contamination in surface water of lower Sindh, Pakistan

Bioelectrochemical Systems for Removal of Selected Metals and Perchlorate from Groundwater: A Review

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