Human health risk assessment of selected metal(loid)s via crayfish (Faxonius virilis; Procambarus acutus acutus) consumption in Missouri

Abstract

Farmed crustaceans are an important component in addressing the rising animal protein demand. The present study determined the concentrations of fourteen elements (Ag, As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn, Pb, and Zn) in the edible abdominal muscle of cultured freshwater crayfish species ( Faxonius virilis; Procambarus acutus acutus ) from Missouri. Also, this paper describes the dietary intake and the human health risks from the consumption of crayfish muscle in the adult population. Overall, 172 animals were captured between February 2017 and January 2018 for assessment. Concentrations of metals (Ag, Be, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Mo, and Zn) and metalloid (As) in the muscle tissue were determined after microwave-assisted acid digestion by ICP - OES. Health indices (EDI/EWI: estimated daily/weekly intakes; THQ: target hazard quotient; TTHQ: total target hazard quotient; ILCR: incremental lifetime cancer risk; and ∑ILCR: cumulative lifetime cancer risk) were calculated and compared to thresholds. Of all samples, the highest concentrations (mg kg −1 wet weight) of metal(loid)s in muscle were Ag (0.11), As (3.15), Be (0.21), Cd (0.11), Co (0.32), Cr (1.22), Cu (107), Fe (23.0), Mn (8.54), Mo (0.62), Ni (2.65), Pb (1.76), Sn (5.91), and Zn (19.2). In both species, the average As, Cd, and Zn concentrations were below the legal limits. However, the levels of Cu, Pb, and As, in some samples, were in exceedance of the maximum levels. In both species, a significant correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between the carapace length (CL) and animal body weight (BW). In P. acutus , CL, BW, and animal total length were homogenous (p > 0.05) among the sexes. Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test results indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in the levels of As, Be, and Zn in F. virilis , and Be and Cr in P. a. acutus among the genders. Significant inter-species differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the levels of Be, Ni, and Pb and the growth factors. The EDI/EWI values were below the permissible limits. THQ and TTHQ values, being below 1.0, indicated no probabilistic health risk. Regarding carcinogenic risk, only As and Ni indicated cancer risk (ILCR >10 −5 and ∑ILCR >10 −5 ) to the adult population. High metals/metalloid exposure from crayfish muscle consumption posed potential health hazards to the adult population.

Determination of Soil Cadmium Safety Thresholds for Food Production in a Rice-Crayfish Coculture System

“…The hepatopancreas, as the body’s metabolism and detoxification tissue for exogenous substances, has the highest degree of contact with exogenous toxins and a longer duration of action; therefore, the concentration of Cd is the highest in the hepatopancreas [ 37 ]. Many studies have shown that metallothionein (MT) is mainly related to the detoxification of heavy metals (such as Cd and Hg), and the entry of heavy metals into the body causes the expression of MT, which then combines with heavy metal ions to reduce tissue damage [ 38 ]. Crayfish are omnivores and in addition to crayfish feed, they usually eat plant roots or fallen leaves from underwater plants, and sometimes algae and small aquatic insects.…”

Concentration dataset of 8 selected trace elements in cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and dietary exposure risks in the Missouri adult population

“…Ultrapure water (resistivity: 18.2 MΩ.cm) for the experiments was produced by a Milli-Q® Integral 5 water purification system (Millipore Corporation, USA). Reagents, and gases, standard reference material (SRM 1640a), and other quality assurance protocols were described earlier [12] . DOLT-5 (Dogfish liver certified reference material for trace metals and other constituents) and DORM-4 (Fish protein certified reference material for trace metals and other constituents) for method accuracy were acquired from the National Research Council (NRC, Ontario, Canada).…”

“…Table 2 shows the input variables [ 5 , 11 , 12 ] for the estimation of daily/weekly (EDI/EWI) intakes of trace elements via fish consumption, EDI/EWI ( Table 3 ), and the health indices for non-carcinogenic ( Table 4 ), and carcinogenic ( Table 5 ) human health risks in the Missouri adult population. Weekly intake estimates of the trace elements were below the provisional tolerable weekly intake values (PTWIs), which indicated no harm from the consumption of fish muscle by the adult risk class.…”

Impact of elemental chemistry on water quality in Missouri reservoir

“…The analytical procedure for metals/metalloids was described by following Ikem et al (2021). The elemental content of un ltered water samples was determined using the Agilent 5110 ICP-OES synchronous vertical dual view (SVDV) ICP-OES coupled to an SPS 3 autosampler (Agilent Technologies, California, USA).…”