Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of Rainbow trout from Samsun fish markets

Abstract

Fish are an important part of the diet of the local people in the coasts of the Black Sea. The concentrations of three essential (Fe, Zn, Cu) and three non-essential (Pb, Hg, Cd) heavy metals were determined in Rainbow trout from Samsun fish market. In the present study, the maximum amounts of the toxic metals were 0.014 Pb mg kg -1 wet wt., 0.024 Hg mg kg -1 wet wt. and 0.018 Cd mg kg -1 wet wt. in the edible tissues of Rainbow trout. Maximum toxic heavy metal values are quite below the permitted values set by the Turkish Food Codex (TFC) and European Union legislation. Hazardous quotient (HQ) values showed that there was no apparent risk when each metal was analysed individually. Moreover, hazard index (HI) was also found to be less than 1. From the results the HQ of the heavy metals indicated that all Rainbow trout individuals were safe with no risk to consumers from Samsun.

Farmed Turkish salmon: Toxic metals and health threat

“…As metabolic activity decreases with growth and a proportionally lower food intake, the accumulation of elements decreases quite naturally. The trace elements in Turkish salmon farmed in Yakakent appeared to be below the permissible thresholds set by international and national organizations, confirming the results obtained by other researchers who studied trace element accumulation in trout [31,36].…”

“…Individual ingestion of these trace elements from Turkish salmon in this region, on the other hand, is safe (HQ < 1) for the local population. Bat et al and Yardim and Bat have obtained similar results [31,35]. The cumulative HI, which is the sum of individual trace element THQs, was also used to describe the non-cancer hazards posed by Turkish salmon.…”

“…The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic CDI values were obtained using the following formula [17]: Many recent studies used the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) to peruse the potential non-carcinogenic effect of elements in the edible tissues of fish. In the present study, THQ was computed using the following equation to assess non-carcinogenic risks for trace elements in the fillet for adults [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]:…”

Determination of the Element Values of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Eggs

“…When the elements found in rainbow trout fillet and the elements in eggs are compared, Fe, K, Zn, Hg and Cd elements in rainbow trout fillet are higher than eggs; Ca, Mg, P, Na, Mn, Cu and Pb elements were low. (Yardım and Bat, 2020;USDA, 2021). Despite the differences found, both egg and fillet from rainbow trout are a good source of analyzed elements.…”