Human health risks from brominated flame retardants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor dust

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dust from different indoor environments in Zagreb, Croatia: Levels and human exposure assessment

“…7,26 Although we had no data on smoking habits of car drivers, the median ΣPAHs reported for Croatian car dust was very similar to that of smoking cars in Kuwait (1799 ng g −1 ), and both medians were nearly twice greater than the median in non-smoking cars. 7 PAH mass fractions in dust from different microenvironments The domination of four-ring PAHs was observed in all three microenvironments, with Flu and Pyr measured at the highest mass fractions. They are mainly among the most abundant PAHs reported in indoor dust, 43,45 but are considered less dangerous to humans than PAHs with five or more aromatic rings.…”

“…For both age groups, dermal absorption is the main route of exposure to PAHs, with ILCR derm contributing to ILCR tot with over 80% and 70% in central and worst‐case scenarios. Al‐Harbi et al 7 also reported that the dermal contact contributed with more than 65% to the total non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for toddlers.…”

“…Dust ingestion, along to dietary intake, has been recognized as the most important route of human exposure to PBDEs, 6 while dermal exposure and inhalation of air particles/dust as a minor one. As for PAHs, literature data suggest that dermal contact contributes to the total dust exposure significantly, in some cases even more than dust ingestion 7 . Today people spend most of their time indoors, and for adults, the main indoor microenvironments include homes, workplaces, and personal cars, while toddlers and young children spend the majority of their time at home, in kindergartens, and in cars for commuting.…”

“…For professional drivers, contribution from exposure to car dust almost reaches half of overall ILCR tot , in the central and worst cases, respectively.For both age groups, dermal absorption is the main route of exposure to PAHs, with ILCR derm contributing to ILCR tot with over 80% and 70% in central and worst-case scenarios. Al-Harbi et al7…”

Determination of organophosphate flame retardant tris(2‐chloroethyl)phosphine based on the luminol–H2O2 chemiluminescence system

“…accumulation and toxicity. [1][2][3] Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are used widely as an alternative to PBDEs in various household and industrial products. [4] There are two kinds of flame retardant, one is a chemical flame retardant and the other is an additive flame retardant.…”