Human herpes virus 6 and multiple sclerosis

Moore, Fraser; Wolfson, Christina

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0404.2002.01251.x

Cited by 70 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(191 reference statements)

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“…Reactivation of HHV-6 has often been seen in multiple sclerosis patients, but whether HHV-6 plays a role in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease is unknown (41). Interestingly, HHV-6 can reside in oligodendrocytes (45) that synthesize the myelin sheath (63).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The U24 Protein from Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7 Affects Endocytic Recycling

Sullivan

Coscoy

2010

J Virol

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Modulation of T-cell receptor expression and signaling is essential to the survival of many viruses. The U24 protein expressed by human herpesvirus 6A, a ubiquitous human pathogen, has been previously shown to downregulate the T-cell receptor. Here, we show that U24 also mediates cell surface downregulation of a canonical early endosomal recycling receptor, the transferrin receptor, indicating that this viral protein acts by blocking early endosomal recycling. We present evidence that U24 is a C-tail-anchored protein that is dependent for its function on TRC40/Asna-1, a component of a posttranslational membrane insertion pathway. Finally, we find that U24 proteins from other roseoloviruses have a similar genetic organization and a conserved function that is dependent on a proline-rich motif. Inhibition of a basic cellular process by U24 has interesting implications not only for the pathogenicity of roseoloviruses but also for our understanding of the biology of endosomal transport.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The U24 Protein from Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7 Affects Endocytic Recycling

Sullivan

Coscoy

2010

J Virol

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“…A link with bacterial infections, especially urinary tract infections, a source of endotoxins, has also been suggested (Wolfson and Talbot 2002). MS has also been linked with a number of putative viral (human herpes virus [HHV6]) and bacterial (Chlamydia) CNS infections (Moore and Wolfson 2002;Swanborg et al 2003). The favored hypothesis in MS is that one or more common (e.g., Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] or HHV6), rather than a unique, infection are likely to contribute to disease development.…”

Section: Antigen Presentation In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial Phenotypes and Functions in Multiple Sclerosis

O’Loughlin

Madore

Lassmann

et al. 2018

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

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“…Several herpes viruses have been suggested as viral candidates in MS pathogenesis-primarily based on epidemiological and serological investigations 91,139,155,[206][207][208]212,215,220] Retroviruses and multiple sclerosis Retroviruses and multiple sclerosis 197 197 [reviewed in 230,231]. HSV-1 and VZV [231,232], and particularly EBV [231,[233][234][235]-also in paediatric MS patients [236]-and HHV-6A and HHV-6B [231,237] have been studied as factors in MS. The study of the cell-mediated immune response to the retroviral and herpes viral antigens in combination thus approaches the situation in vivo, with highly prevalent herpes viruses and ubiquitous HERVs (in the genome).…”

Section: T Cell Mediated Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of human endogenous retroviruses with multiple sclerosis and possible interactions with herpes viruses

2005

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The hypothesis that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) play a role in autoimmune diseases is subject to increasing attention. HERVs represent both putative susceptibility genes and putative pathogenic viruses in the immune-mediated neurological disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Gammaretroviral HERV sequences are found in reverse transcriptase-positive virions produced by cultured mononuclear cells from MS patients, and they have been isolated from MS samples of plasma, serum and CSF, and characterised to some extent at the nucleotide, protein/enzyme, virion and immunogenic level. Two types of sequences, HERV-H and HERV-W, have been reported. No known HERV-H or HERV-W copy contains complete ORFs in all prerequisite genes, although several copies have coding potential, and several such sequences are specifically activated in MS, apparently resulting in the production of complete, competent virions. Increased antibody reactivity to specific Gammaretroviral HERV epitopes is found in MS serum and CSF, and cell-mediated immune responses have also been reported. Further, HERV-encoded proteins can have neuropathogenic effects. The activating factor(s) in the process resulting in protein or virion production may be members of the Herpesviridae. Several herpes viruses, such as HSV-1, VZV, EBV and HHV-6, have been associated with MS pathogenesis, and retroviruses and herpes viruses have complex interactions. The current understanding of HERVs, and specifically the investigations of HERV activation and expression in MS are the major subjects of this review, which also proposes to synergise the herpes and HERV findings, and presents several possible pathogenic mechanisms for HERVs in MS.

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Human herpes virus 6 and multiple sclerosis

Abstract: The available literature provides some support for a relationship between HHV-6 and MS. The limitations of the available studies and directions for future research are discussed.

Cited by 70 publications

References 70 publications

The U24 Protein from Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7 Affects Endocytic Recycling

The U24 Protein from Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7 Affects Endocytic Recycling

Microglial Phenotypes and Functions in Multiple Sclerosis

Association of human endogenous retroviruses with multiple sclerosis and possible interactions with herpes viruses

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