Human Herpesvirus 6 and Multiple Sclerosis: A One-Year Follow-up Study

Álvarez‐Lafuente, Roberto; Heras, Virginia de las; Bartolomé, Manuel; García-Montojo, Marta; Arroyo, Rafael

doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2006.tb00558.x

Cited by 64 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In previous studies of our group, we have reported that the presence of HHV-6A/B DNA in blood and serum during IFN-beta treatment could be a good marker of poor response [18]–[20]. Similar results were found by other authors in MS patients treated with IFN-beta when serum cell-free DNA of HHV-6A/B was analyzed [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Anti-Human Herpesvirus 6A/B IgG Correlates with Relapses and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveTo analyze the titers of the IgG and IgM antibodies against human herpesvirus 6A/B (HHV-6A/B) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with different disease modified therapies (DMTs) along two-years of follow-up.MethodsWe collected 2163 serum samples from 596 MS; for 301 MS patients a 2-years follow-up was performed. Serum samples of 337 healthy controls were also analyzed. Anti-HHV-6A/B IgG and IgM were analyzed by ELISA (Panbio).ResultsWe found that 129/187 (69.0%) MS patients with a decrease of the anti-HHV-6A/B IgG titers after 2-years with DMTs were free of relapses and progression vs. 46/113 (40.7%) of MS patients with an increase of the anti-HHV-6A/B IgG titers (p = 0.0000015); the higher significance was found for natalizumab. Furthermore, we found that anti-HHV-6A/B IgG titers reached their highest value two weeks before the relapse (p = 0.0142), while the anti-HHV-6A/B IgM titers reached their highest value one month before the relapse (p = 0.0344).ConclusionThe measurement of the anti-HHV-6A/B IgG titers could be a good biomarker of clinical response to the different DMTs. The increase of the anti-HHV-6A/B IgG and IgM titers predicts the upcoming clinical relapses. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to validate these results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Anti-Human Herpesvirus 6A/B IgG Correlates with Relapses and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2014

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“…In addition, although an overwhelming majority of post-transplant reactivation occurs with HHV-6B [28, 29, 53], HHV-6A DNA and mRNA are found more frequently than HHV-6B in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) [9, 14, 48, 115] and rhomboencephalitis [37]. HHV-6A has been found predominantly in the CNS of a subset of patients with MS, and active HHV-6A infection has been detected in blood [8, 9, 11] and in CSF [110] of patients with relapsing/remitting MS [8–10, 14, 20, 110, 115, 131]. Marmosets inoculated with HHV-6A intravenously exhibited neurological symptoms, whereas those inoculated with HHV-6B were asymptomatic [75].…”

Section: Distinct Epidemiology and Disease Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of HHV-6A and HHV-6B as distinct viruses

et al. 2013

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Shortly after the discovery of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), two distinct variants, HHV-6A and HHV-6B, were identified. In 2012, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classified HHV-6A and HHV-6B as separate viruses. This review outlines several of the documented epidemiological, biological, and immunological distinctions between HHV-6A and HHV-6B, which support the ICTV classification. The utilization of virus-specific clinical and laboratory assays for distinguishing HHV-6A and HHV-6B is now required for further classification. For clarity in biological and clinical distinctions between HHV-6A and HHV-6B, scientists and physicians are herein urged, where possible, to differentiate carefully between HHV-6A and HHV-6B in all future publications.

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“…Factors could include: ambient environmental factors (such as sunlight, rainfall, ozone or particulate matter [18] ); a cyclic fluctuation in the incidence of infections [6] and related physiological changes (including epidermal vitamin D synthesis, release of melatonin and interferon-␥ production [19] ). MS relapses have been linked with an array of infectious micro-organisms, including viral, bacterial and parasitic [6,10,11,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] . However, it is possible that infections are also influenced by monthly vitamin D, as higher levels boost innate immunity [28] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Monthly Ambient Sunlight, Infections and Relapse Rates in Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2008

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Background: Monthly variation in multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses has been found. The relationship between seasonal environmental factors, infections, serum vitamin D [25(OH)D] and MS relapses is undetermined. Methods: We prospectively followed a population-based cohort of relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients in Southern Tasmania for a mean 2.3 years (January 2002–April 2005). Associations between monthly ambient environmental factors, estimated serum 25(OH)D, upper respiratory tract (URT) infections and relapse rates were examined using weighted Pearson’s correlation and linear regression. Results: Of 199 definite MS patients, 142 had RRMS. The lowest relapse rate of 0.5 per 1,000 days (95% CI: 0.2–1.3) occurred in February (mid-late summer) versus the March–January RR of 1.1 per 1,000 days (95% CI: 0.9–1.3; p = 0.018, weighted regression). Monthly relapse rates correlated with: (1) prior erythemal ultraviolet radiation (EUV): lagged 1.5 months, r = –0.32, p = 0.046; (2) URT infection rate: no lag, r = 0.39, p = 0.014; (3) 25(OH)D: no lag, r = –0.31, p = 0.057. The association between URT infections and relapses was reduced after adjustment for monthly EUV. Conclusions: Relapse rates were inversely associated with EUV and serum 25(OH)D levels and positively associated with URT infections. The demonstrated lag between EUV but not 25(OH)D and relapse rates is consistent with a role for EUV-generated 25(OH)D in the alteration of relapse rates. Future work on the association between URT infections and relapses should be considered in the context of ultraviolet radiation and vitamin D.

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Human Herpesvirus 6 and Multiple Sclerosis: A One-Year Follow-up Study

Cited by 64 publications

References 62 publications

Anti-Human Herpesvirus 6A/B IgG Correlates with Relapses and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

Anti-Human Herpesvirus 6A/B IgG Correlates with Relapses and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

Classification of HHV-6A and HHV-6B as distinct viruses

Monthly Ambient Sunlight, Infections and Relapse Rates in Multiple Sclerosis

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