Human IgA inhibits adherence of<i>Acanthamoeba polyphaga</i>to epithelial cells and contact lenses

Campos-Rodrı́guez, Rafael; Oliver-Aguillón, Gabriela; Vega-Pérez, Luz M.; Jarillo-Luna, Adriana; Hernández-Martínez, Dolores; Rojas-Hernández, Saúl; Rodríguez-Monroy, Marco Aurelio; Rivera-Aguilar, Víctor; González‐Robles, Arturo

doi:10.1139/w04-057

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…After that 100 μ L of developing solution was added for 10 min; at that moment a mixture of citric acid and 0.1 M dibasic sodium phosphate 0.2 M pH 5, finally 40 mg of orthophenylenediamine and 40 μ L hydrogen peroxide 30% were added. The reaction was blocked with 50 μ L of H 2 SO 4 to 2.5 M. Absorbance was read at 490 nm (Bio-Rad 550) [26]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluating the Role ofAcanthamoebaProteases in Tissue Invasion: Observation of Cytopathogenic Mechanisms on MDCK Cell Monolayers and Hamster Corneal Cells

Omaña‐Molina

González‐Robles²,

Salazar‐Villatoro³

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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The morphological analysis of the cytopathic effect on MDCK cell monolayers and hamster cornea and qualitative and quantitative analyses of conditioned medium and proteases were evaluated and compared between two strains of Acanthamoeba genotype T4. Further than highlighting the biological differences found between both strains, the most important observation in this study was the fact that proteases both in total extracts and in conditioned medium are apparently not determinant in tissue destruction. An interestingly finding was that no lysis of corneal tissue was observed as it was previously suggested. These results, together with previous studies, allow us to conclude that the invasion and disruption of corneal tissue is performed by the penetration of the amoebae through cell junctions, either by the action of proteases promoting cellular separation but not by their destruction and/or a mechanical effect exerted by amoebae. Therefore, contact-dependent mechanisms in Acanthamoeba pathogenesis are more relevant than it has been previously considered. This is supported because the phagocytosis of recently detached cells as well as those attached to the corneal epithelium leads to the modification of the cellular architecture facilitating the migration and destruction of deeper layers of the corneal epithelium.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluating the Role ofAcanthamoebaProteases in Tissue Invasion: Observation of Cytopathogenic Mechanisms on MDCK Cell Monolayers and Hamster Corneal Cells

Omaña‐Molina

González‐Robles²,

Salazar‐Villatoro³

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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“…Thus sIgA is of great importance as it facilitates removal of pathogens right at the point of entry at the ocular surface. sIgA has also been shown to be chemotactic for phagocytic neutrophils (Lan et al, 1998) and to prevent the binding of P. aeruginosa and Acanthamoeba polyphaga to contact lenses (Campos-Rodriguez et al, 2004; Lan et al, 1999). …”

Section: “Classic” Tear Antimicrobial Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial compounds in tears

McDermott

2013

Experimental Eye Research

239

171

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The tear film coats the cornea and conjunctiva and serves several important functions. It provides lubrication, prevents drying of the ocular surface epithelia, helps provide a smooth surface for refracting light, supplies oxygen and is an important component of the innate defense system of the eye providing protection against a range of potential pathogens. This review describes both classic antimicrobial compounds found in tears such as lysozyme and some more recently identified such as members of the cationic antimicrobial peptide family and surfactant protein-D as well as potential new candidate molecules that may contribute to antimicrobial protection. As is readily evident from the literature review herein, tears, like all mucosal fluids, contain a plethora of molecules with known antimicrobial effects. That all of these are active in vivo is debatable as many are present in low concentrations, may be influenced by other tear components such as the ionic environment, and antimicrobial action may be only one of several activities ascribed to the molecule. However, there are many studies showing synergistic/additive interactions between several of the tear antimicrobials and it is highly likely that cooperativity between molecules is the primary way tears are able to afford significant antimicrobial protection to the ocular surface in vivo. In addition to effects on pathogen growth and survival some tear components prevent epithelial cell invasion and promote the epithelial expression of innate defense molecules. Given the protective role of tears a number of scenarios can be envisaged that may affect the amount and/or activity of tear antimicrobials and hence compromise tear immunity. Two such situations, dry eye disease and contact lens wear, are discussed here.

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“…[23][24][25] In the present study, using milk as a model, we performed studies to determine whether human mucosal secretions have the potential to provide protection against Acanthamoeba-induced CPE by an additional mechanism that is independent of IgA. We demonstrated here that, as do IgA-depleted tears, 26 IgA-depleted milk has the capacity to inhibit Acanthamoeba-induced CPE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This suggests that protective factors must be present in vivo, most notably in mucosal secretions such as tear fluid, saliva, and breast milk. In fact, normal human tears, saliva, and milk contain Acanthamoeba-specific IgA antibodies capable of inhibiting the adhesion of the parasites to host cells [22][23][24][25] (Panjwani et al, unpublished observations, 2006), a key first step in the pathogenesis of infection. Thus far, secretory IgA (sIgA) antibody is the only recognized component that is widely thought to account for the protection afforded by mucosal secretions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%