Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipient

Abstract

An 11-year-old boy developed Kaposi’s sarcoma and progressive T lymphocyte deficiency 5 years after cadaveric kidney transplantation for end-stage renal disease. He had received 17 individual red blood cell transfusions prior to and during transplantation in 1980. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was cultured from blood in cerebrospinal fluid and HIV antibodies were detected with enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot techniques. The recipient of the donor’s other kidney was well and HIV antibody-negative. The patient was treated with etoposide with excellent although transient regression of tumor. Allograft function has remained stable despite minimal immunosuppressive therapy and the need for high-dose anticonvulsant therapy. This case represents the first pediatric patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi’s sarcoma following kidney transplantation.

Aggressive Kaposi's sarcoma in a 6‐month‐old African infant: case report and review of the literature

“…With the advent of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, KS has been reported in children worldwide ( Malekzadeh et al . 1987 ; Baum & Vinters 1989; Arico et al .…”

“…With the advent of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, KS has been reported in children worldwide (Malekzadeh et al 1987;Baum & Vinters 1989;Arico et al 1991;Porta et al 1991), presenting predominantly as a muco-cutaneous disease (Ziegler & Katongole-Mbidde 1996). KS has been observed in different age groups among children but has rarely been documented in infants aged up to 6 months in sub-Saharan African countries (Patil et al 1992;Ziegler & Katongole-Mbidde 1996).…”

Kaposi Sarcoma in a Thai Boy with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

“…Most of those youngsters had no cutaneous lesions (8,9,12,14). Cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma has been reported in children as purplish nodules on the face, scalp, trunk, and extremities, with a few on the oral mucosa (11,13,(15)(16)(17)(18). We documented Kaposi sarcoma with cutaneous and lymph node involvement in a 3-year-old Thai boy whose status fit the World Health Organization definition of pediatric AIDS (19).…”

“…That patient had transplacental human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) infection and developed cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma (11). Kaposi sarcomas in children are confined mainly to the lymphatic tissue; skin manifestations have been rare (8,9,11,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Zero Risk Tolerance Costs Lives: Loss of Transplantable Organs Due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nucleic Acid Testing of Potential Donors

“…9 NAT became more widely available to OPOs around 2002. 10 In the years after HIV was first described [11][12][13] and before serological donor screening for HIV, transplant recipients became HIV positive largely through blood transfusions [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and rarely from infected grafts. HIV has been transmitted from both living [21][22][23][24] and deceased [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] donors ( Table 1).…”