Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection–Related Heart Disease

Pham, Thuy Van; Torres, Mercedes

doi:10.1016/j.emc.2015.04.009

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Pericardial effusion was a common cardiovascular sequela in pre-ART HIV patients, especially among those with advanced AIDS, and it was independently associated with increased mortality [84]. With the advent of ART, mortality due to pericardial effusion among HIV patients has dramatically decreased, and in a study of 802 HIV patients, 85% of whom were on ART, only 2 patients had echocardiographic evidence of pericardial effusions [85].…”

Section: Pericardial Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Beyond Coronary Artery Disease

Barnes

Lacson

Bahrami

2017

Curr Atheroscler Rep

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Purpose of Review Cardiovascular disease (CVD) increasingly afflicts people living with HIV (PLWH) in the contemporary era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most widely studied cardiovascular problem in PLWH; however, less is known about other clinically relevant subtypes of CVD such as heart failure (HF), cerebrovascular disease, sudden cardiac death, pericardial diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. This paper reviews evidence of other subtypes of CVD as emerging issues in the post-ART era. Recent Findings Recent studies have shown that PLWH have higher risk of HF as well as subclinical impairment of left ventricular (LV) mechanics (systolic and diastolic dysfunction) and myocardial abnormalities (fibrosis and steatosis). The underlying mechanisms, however, are not well-understood. A few studies have also shown higher rates of atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac death in PLWH. Ischemic stroke is the most common stroke type in the post-ART era, with underlying mechanisms like those identified in CAD: chronic inflammation and associated vasculopathy. Studies of great vessels (carotid artery and aorta) and peripheral arterial disease show heterogeneous results. Small subclinical pericardial effusions are common in PLWH in post-ART era. Pulmonary hypertension continues to be an underdiagnosed and potentially fatal complication of HIV infection. Summary PLWH remain at higher risk for all types of CVD including heart failure, stroke, and arrhythmias in the post-ART era. Chronic inflammation may play an important role in this increased risk. More studies are needed to further elucidate the extent of non-coronary CVD in PLWH and the underlying mechanisms for them.

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Section: Pericardial Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Beyond Coronary Artery Disease

Barnes

Lacson

Bahrami

2017

Curr Atheroscler Rep

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“…Traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease can also be a reason for cardiovascular findings in HIVinfected individuals along with the higher prevalence of these risk factors in this cohort. Conventional risk factors such as dyslipidemia, increased body mass index, hypertension, age, history of coronary artery disease (CAD), smoking, and diabetes mellitus, or insulin resistance are higher in HIV-infected patients [24]. The D:A:D (Data Collection in Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs) study shows that traditional risk factors as older age, male sex, family history of CAD, history of a cardiovascular event, current or former smoking status, and a greater body mass index (BMI) statistically significantly increased the risk for myocardial infarction (MI) [25].…”

Section: Hiv and Heartmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Outlook on the Impact of HIV Infection and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on the Cardiovascular System – A Review

Antony

Kannichamy

Banerjee

et al. 2020

Cureus

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HIV has been related to various cardiovascular pathologies in both adults and children. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been effective in subduing viral replication and improving immunity thereby reducing the effects of HIV both in AIDS and other chronic diseases related to the virus. Complications related to HAART have been reported with metabolic disorders and cardiac effects seen based on the therapy. HIV and HAART have shown to have direct effects on the cardiovascular system, and more public awareness and medical knowledge are required on this subject. This literature review tries to shed some light on the role of HIV and HAART in the cardiovascular manifestations seen in HIV-infected individuals.

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“…In the years after the detection of the first cases of HIV back in the 1980s, the most frequent cardiovascular complications associated with the infection in developed countries were pericarditis, myocarditis caused by opportunistic infections [10], dilated cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion, pulmonary hypertension and cardiac tumours [33]. However, with the increasing availability of ART and longer periods of exposure to the therapeutic regimen, opportunistic infections were controlled [4] and management of viral load was improved [15], hence changing the spectrum of cardiovascular complications in HIV-IP [35].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease In Hiv-infected Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8], accounting for high death rates due to AIDS [3, 9], into a chronic disease [4, 10-13]. Nowadays, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients (HIV-IP) are living longer [2, 14-18] and with more quality of life from a physical health point of view [3, 5, 19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%