Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence and high-risk behavior of home-based and nonhome-based female sex workers in three high-prevalent North-Eastern States of India

Biswas, Subrata; Sinha, Abhik; Rajan, S. Irudaya; Khan, Pankaj Kumar; Joshi, Deepika S; Saha, Malay Kumar

doi:10.4103/ijph.ijph_100_20

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some of the women also reported their native place being in Myanmar revealing the porous nature of the international border. In-depth analysis of primary data from the National IBBS highlighted that most of the non-home-based sex workers were younger compared to their home-based counterparts in Mizoram 31 . The report by the NETSU based on IBBS 2014-2015 revealed that the consistent condom use among FSWs was lower compared to the national average ( Report on The Epidemiology of HIV in Mizoram ; Unpublished report shared by NETSU, personal communication).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV epidemic in Mizoram, India: A rapid review to inform future responses

Rao¹,

Mamulwar

Shahabuddin

et al. 2022

Indian Journal of Medical Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background & objectives: Mizoram, a northeastern State of India bordering Myanmar, is home to several tribal clans under the ethnic group Mizo: Renthelei , Ralte , Paite , Lai , Hmar , Lusei , Mara , Thado and Kuki . Mizos also reside in the neighbouring northeastern States of Tripura, Assam, Manipur and Nagaland. The majority of Mizo people outside India live across the border in the neighbouring Chin State and Sagaing Region of Myanmar. Over the last decade, Mizoram witnessed a concerning level of rise in HIV prevalence among the general population. The present rapid review was conducted to identify various interventions that could help curb this rising trend. Methods: An electronic search strategy with broad domains of ‘HIV/AIDS’, ‘key population’, ‘community engagement’ and ‘interventions in Mizoram’ using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane was adopted; grey literature were also accessed. Evidence, thus gleaned, were synthesized. Results: Twenty eight resource materials comprising articles, reports and dissertations contributed to the current review. Changing tribal social support structure, early initiation of drugs, sexual debut at an early age and drug–sex interface were identified as factors associated with the progression of HIV epidemic in the State. Issues pertaining to the migration of people across the borders and easy access to drugs continue to be of concern. Churches and youth leaders have a strong influence on the society, at times even constraining access of key population groups to HIV prevention and care services. Tackling stigma and discrimination, ensuring uninterrupted HIV services and creation of an enabling environment in this context seems urgently needed. Incarcerated people in the State have been found with a high level of HIV infection and their linkages with prevention and care services need strengthening. Interpretation & conclusions: This review underscores the importance of drawing upon successful intervention examples from the past such as ‘Friends on Friday’ and Red Ribbon Clubs. Active engagement of community-based organizations in programme planning, implementation and monitoring is essential. Establishment of harm reduction interventions for general and key populations paired with strategic communication appear to be the need of the hour.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV epidemic in Mizoram, India: A rapid review to inform future responses

Rao¹,

Mamulwar

Shahabuddin

et al. 2022

Indian Journal of Medical Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, divorce/widowhood was an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms in FSWs (OR=3.48,95% CI=1.59 to 7.59) and being married was a protective factor for sleep disturbances (OR=0.46,95% CI=0.25 to 0.84). An Indian study showed that widowed or divorced FSWs had a 2.73 times greater risk of HIV/AIDS infection than married FSWs ( 39 ), possibly because FSWs with spouses are concerned about transmitting STDs to their husbands and thus, are more protective of themselves at work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation analysis between sleep quality and the mental health status of female sex workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei Province

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveFemale sex workers (FSWs) in entertainment venues are subject to condemnation and rejection by their families and the outside world. As a result, they are prone to psychological problems, including anxiety and even suicidal tendencies. The aim of the current study was to understand the sleep and mental health status of local FSWs and to identify associated risk factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the social recognition of FSWs and establishing effective psychological interventions.MethodsA stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select women engaged in commercial sex in bathing, sauna, karaoke halls and other entertainment venues. A self-designed questionnaire assessing mental health-related factors was administered face-to-face with the respondents. 90 participants were randomly selected for blood tests to analyze the relationship between biological indicators and sleep quality.ResultsThe rates of depression, anxiety and somnipathy among FSWs were 32.7%, 43.1% and 8.6%, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) between sleep quality and depression, anxiety and social support were 0.07, 0.09 and -0.09, respectively. Divorce or widowhood, technical secondary school education, alcohol consumption and exercise were independent risk factors for depression in FSWs (p< 0.05) while living in urban areas and counties and having a sense of social support were protective factors (P< 0.05). Quarantining due to the pandemic and exercise were independent risk factors for anxiety in FSWs (P< 0.05) while living in counties and having a sense of social support were protective factors (P< 0.05). Quarantining due to the pandemic was an independent risk factor for somnipathy in FSWs (P< 0.05) while being married was a protective factor (P< 0.05). NE/NA was a protective factor for sleep disorders (OR=0.042, P=0.05), with an AUC of 0.87.ConclusionFSWs should appropriately adjust their work form during the pandemic period, maintain a positive and optimistic attitude, establish long-term stable social relationships, and seek a greater sense of social support. The government should provide comprehensive bio-psycho-social interventions to address the mental and physical health status of this population.

show abstract

“…Migrant workers [50] Transgender [39,[54][55][56][57] FSW */inmates [42,47,52,[58][59][60][61][62][63] Homeless community [36] Women [64] Multiple sex partners Transgender [39,44,57] FSW * [42,59,65] Married community [66] Women [67,68] Social Fear of rejection, discrimination, and stigmatization FSW * [58] Migrant workers [50] Lacking awareness and knowledge Transgender [22,39] FSW * [52,60,69] Adolescents [24] Married community [24,37] Homeless community [36] Women (married/pregnant) [25,[27][28][29]67] Personal Personality behaviour: impulsivity FSW */inmates [6,51] Occupation-related risk FSW * [48,52,70,…”

Section: Sexualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Women’s Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions of STIs/STDs in Asia: A Scoping Review

Kaur,

Balakrishnan,

Zhi Wei

et al. 2023

Healthcare

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: This study aimed to conduct a scoping review to collect current literature on the knowledge, awareness, and perception (KAP) of sexually transmitted infections/diseases (STIs/STDs) among women in Asia. Methodology: The PRISMA-Scoping methodology was used in this study to extract papers from four databases published between 2018 and 2022. Sixty-eight articles were included after screening and elimination. Results: The studies on KAP of STIs/STDs among women were largely undertaken in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam) and South Asia (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh). Regardless of the specific cohort of women studied, research indicates consistently low levels of knowledge and awareness across Asia. This trend seems to be more prevalent among female commercial sex workers, women with lower educational levels, and those in poorer socioeconomic positions. In South Asia, cultural, sociological, economic, and gender inequalities, particularly male domination, all have a significant impact on KAP levels. Conclusion: As education is a major factor that influences health behaviour, this review underscores the need to allocate more resources to educational initiatives, particularly targeting vulnerable groups such as sex workers, transgender women, pregnant women, and rural housewives. This strategic focus may contribute significantly to preventing STIs/STDs, particularly in less developed regions/countries.

show abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence and high-risk behavior of home-based and nonhome-based female sex workers in three high-prevalent North-Eastern States of India

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

HIV epidemic in Mizoram, India: A rapid review to inform future responses

HIV epidemic in Mizoram, India: A rapid review to inform future responses

Correlation analysis between sleep quality and the mental health status of female sex workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei Province

Understanding Women’s Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions of STIs/STDs in Asia: A Scoping Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About