2022
DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.12.015
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Human implantation: The complex interplay between endometrial receptivity, inflammation, and the microbiome

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Cited by 47 publications
(35 citation statements)
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“…The two processes of intravascular trophoblast invasion and helical artery remodeling during gestation in humans are dependent on proper regulation of the maternal immune system ( 20 , 21 ). In early trimester, embryo implantation is a pro-inflammatory state, where pro-inflammatory cytokines released by immune cells as well as the endometrium itself promote tissue remodeling and angiogenesis to assist embryo implantation ( 22 ). However, pregnancy requires regulatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines released by immune cells such as Tregs to control pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce maternal immune tolerance to fetal antigens to ensure a healthy pregnancy ( 23 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The two processes of intravascular trophoblast invasion and helical artery remodeling during gestation in humans are dependent on proper regulation of the maternal immune system ( 20 , 21 ). In early trimester, embryo implantation is a pro-inflammatory state, where pro-inflammatory cytokines released by immune cells as well as the endometrium itself promote tissue remodeling and angiogenesis to assist embryo implantation ( 22 ). However, pregnancy requires regulatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines released by immune cells such as Tregs to control pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce maternal immune tolerance to fetal antigens to ensure a healthy pregnancy ( 23 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Current evidence suggests that inflammatory responses are involved in implantation and early pregnancy [ 48 , 49 ]. In the context of ischemia-reperfusion injury, miR-135a-5p suppresses cardio-cerebral ischemic inflammatory damage [ 21 , 22 ], and it has similarly been shown to hamper NLRP3 inflammasome activation and to attenuate associated inflammatory responses [ 31 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The requirements for embryo adhesion in this process are relatively stringent, requiring both sufficient implantation ability of the embryo and endometrium receptivity. Endometrium receptivity, in particular, requires an appropriate level of inflammation, which first ensures that the embryo is protected from the maternal immune system before implantation, and then requires a maternal endometrial inflammatory response after implantation to promote embryo invasion ( Franasiak et al, 2021 ; Sehring et al, 2022 ). However, the embryo’s implantation ability and the endometrium’s receptivity must be obtained concurrently, which is more difficult.…”
Section: The Role Of Evs In Embryo Implantationmentioning
confidence: 99%