Human Incapacitants

Thermal decomposition studies of riot control agent ω-chloroacetophenone (CN) by pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

“…It is a riot control agent, harassing agent, lachrymatory agent, nonlethal or less than lethal agent and supplied to paramilitary and police forces in a small pressurized aerosol can known as "Mace" or tear gas [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. It causes temporary incapacitation of the individual through intense irritation of tissues and the creation of a strong sensation of discomfort, including difficulty in breathing and pain, without causing long-term disability or death [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The incapacitating nature of this chemical has led to the development of dispersal devices to use it, either individually or in solutions combining several agents as an alternative to brutal force for individual protection, crowd control during civil disturbances, or rescuing hostages and to a lesser extent as chemical weapon on the battlefield [24,25].…”