Human Infection with West Nile Virus, Xinjiang, China, 2011

Lü, Zhi; Fu, Shihong; Cao, Lei; Tang, Cheng-Jun; Zhang, Song; Li, Zhaoxia; Tusong, Mamutijiang; Yao, Xinhua; Zhang, Hailin; Wang, Piyu; Wumaier, Maimaitijiang; Yuan, Xue-Yan; Li, Minghua; Zhu, Chang-Zhong; Fu, Liping; Liang, Guodong

doi:10.3201/eid2008.131433

Cited by 40 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Additionally, West Nile virus (WNV) transmission has been shown to be enhanced in mosquitoes that were simultaneously inoculated with CxFV [41], indirectly increasing the extent of human infection by WNV. WNVs have been isolated from mosquitoes collected in Xinjiang Province Uyghur Autonomous Region of western China [42]. Future work should explore superinfection by CxFV and other flaviviruses, especially JEV and WNV, in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and phylogenetic analysis of Culex flavivirus in mosquitoes in China

Liang

Liu

et al. 2015

Arch Virol

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Culex flavivirus (CxFV) is an insect-specific virus of the genus Flavivirus. CxFV strains have been isolated from Cx. pipiens, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and other Cx. species in Asia, Africa, North America, Central America and South America. CxFV was isolated for the first time in China in 2006. As this is a novel flavivirus, we explored the distribution and genetic characteristics of Culex flavivirus in China. A total of 46,649 mosquitoes were collected in seven provinces between 2004 and 2012 and were analysed in 871 pools. 29 CxFV RNAs from Cx. pipiens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Anopheles Sinensis, and Culex spp. tested positive for CxFV in real-time RT-PCR. 6 CxFV strains were isolated from Cx. species collected in Shandong, Henan, and Shaanxi provinces, while no virus or viral RNA was detected in samples from Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, and Fujian. Phylogenetic analysis of the envelope gene indicated that Chinese strains formed a robust subgroup of genotype 1, together with viruses from the United States and Japan. This study demonstrates that the geographic distribution of CxFV in China is widespread, but geographical boundaries to spread are apparent. Our findings suggest that CxFV can infect various mosquito species in nature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and phylogenetic analysis of Culex flavivirus in mosquitoes in China

Liang

Liu

et al. 2015

Arch Virol

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“…Since it was recognized in New York City in 1999, WNV has rapidly spread across the North American continent, resulting in continuous epidemics in the United States, Canada, and Mexico (Chung et al, 2013;Deardorff et al, 2006;Lindsey et al, 2010;Mann et al, 2013;Rodriguez Mde et al, 2010). With the recent identification of WNV-infected cases and the subsequent isolation of this virus from mosquitoes in Kashi region, Xinjiang, China (Lu et al, 2014), WNV has become an important emerging virus in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of a recombinant West Nile virus stably expressing the Gaussia luciferase for neutralization assay

Zhang

Shan

et al. 2016

Virus Research

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“…This would be an indication that a particular strain of WNV was introduced to this locality by an infected migratory bird [6] and its existence has been maintained through amplification in local resident bird species and transmission through diverse mosquito species. Phylogenetic analysis of selected sequences revealed that WNV strain from the study region is genetically most closely related to WNV strains XJ11141 and XJ11129 isolated in 2011 from mosquitoes in Xinjiang Uyghur, western China [34]. The E gene from the Xinjiang strains showed a high degree of genetic identity of lineage 1 with other highly pathogenic WNV strains, such as Ast01-182 from Russia [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phylogenetic analysis of selected sequences revealed that WNV strain from the study region is genetically most closely related to WNV strains XJ11141 and XJ11129 isolated in 2011 from mosquitoes in Xinjiang Uyghur, western China [34]. The E gene from the Xinjiang strains showed a high degree of genetic identity of lineage 1 with other highly pathogenic WNV strains, such as Ast01-182 from Russia [34]. This would be a confirmation to the rapid transmission and distribution of the virus globally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of West Nile virus in wild birds in Tana River and Garissa Counties, Kenya

et al. 2016

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BackgroundWest Nile fever virus is a zoonotic arboviral infection maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving mosquito vectors and birds. It is one the arboviruses whose geographical range is expanding because of climate and land use changes that enhance the densities of mosquitoes and promote mosquito-bird-human interactions. We carried out a survey to determine the reservoirs of WNV among wild birds in Tana River and Garissa counties, Kenya.MethodsBlood samples were obtained from 361 randomly trapped wild birds. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), all samples were screened for WNV using gene specific primer sets amplifying a portion of the E region of the genome encoding the envelope protein.ResultsSixty five (65) out of 361 birds screened tested positive for WNV on real-time PCR assay. Sequencing of the selected positive samples reveals that the isolated WNV were most closely related to strains isolated from China (2011). A regression analysis indicated that sampling location influenced the occurrence of WNV while species, age, weight and sex of the birds did not have any effect.ConclusionsThis study provides baseline information on the existing circulation of WNV in this region among wild bird reservoirs that could spill over to the human population and points to the need for implementation of surveillance programs to map the distribution of the virus among reservoirs. Awareness creation about West Nile fever in this region is important to improve its detection and management.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2019-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Human Infection with West Nile Virus, Xinjiang, China, 2011

Cited by 40 publications

References 8 publications

Distribution and phylogenetic analysis of Culex flavivirus in mosquitoes in China

Distribution and phylogenetic analysis of Culex flavivirus in mosquitoes in China

Generation of a recombinant West Nile virus stably expressing the Gaussia luciferase for neutralization assay

Detection of West Nile virus in wild birds in Tana River and Garissa Counties, Kenya

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