Human Infections with<i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i>, Japan

Sato, Kozue; Takano, Ai; Konnai, Satoru; Nakao, Minoru; Ito, Takuya; Koyama, Kazuaki; Kaneko, M; Ohnishi, Makoto; Kawabata, Hiroki

doi:10.3201/eid2008.131761

Cited by 117 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Most of the patients with B. miyamotoi infection had a nonspecific febrile illness approximately 2 weeks after a tick bite, presenting with a highgrade fever (98%), fatigue (98%), headache (89%), myalgia (59%), chills (35%), and nausea (30%). Similar symptoms, designated by the author as a 'viral-like illness', have been described in several patients that seroconverted to the GlpQ antigen in a study in the USA and in a patient in Japan [80,83]. Only five out of 46 patients in Russia (11%) experienced a true 'relapsing fever' with a mean time of 9 days between relapses.…”

Section: Disease In Immunocompetent Patientssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Two patients with B. miyamotoi infection in Japan also presented with EM and were positive on western blot for multiple B. burgdorferi s.l. antigens [83]. In Europe, acute Lyme borreliosis is infrequently accompanied by nonspecific febrile illness: of patients that presented with EM, few patients reported a fever (7%), headache (20%), fatigue (19%), or myalgia (10%).…”

Section: Disease In Immunocompetent Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Borrelia miyamotoi: a widespread tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete

Wagemakers

Staarink

Sprong

et al. 2015

Trends in Parasitology

158

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Disease In Immunocompetent Patientssupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Disease In Immunocompetent Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borrelia miyamotoi: a widespread tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete

Wagemakers

Staarink

Sprong

et al. 2015

Trends in Parasitology

158

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The disease caused by B. miyamotoi is therefore consid-ered a separate clinical entity and has been designated both Borrelia miyamotoi disease (BMD) (7) and hard-tick-borne relapsing fever (HTBRF) (8). Clinical cases of HTBRF were first described in Russia in 2011 (6), followed by cases in the United States and Japan (9)(10)(11). On average, fever episodes last for 3 days and are accompanied by flu-like symptoms, such as headache, chills, abdominal discomfort, arthralgia, and myalgia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Susceptibility of the Relapsing-Fever Spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi to Antimicrobial Agents

Koetsveld

Draga

Wagemakers

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hard-tick-borne relapsing fever (HTBRF) is an emerging infectious disease throughout the temperate zone caused by the relapsing-fever spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi. Antibiotic treatment of HTBRF is empirically based on the treatment of Lyme borreliosis; however, the antibiotic susceptibility of B. miyamotoi has not been studied to date. Thus, we set out to determine the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of B. miyamotoi. A microdilution method with 96-well microtiter plates was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of two B. miyamotoi strains isolated on two different continents (Asia and North America), two Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains, and one Borrelia hermsii isolate for purposes of comparison. The MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by both microscopy and colorimetric assays. We were able to show that relative to the B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolates, both B. miyamotoi strains and B. hermsii demonstrated greater susceptibility to doxycycline and azithromycin, equal susceptibility to ceftriaxone, and resistance to amoxicillin in vitro. The MIC and MBC of amoxicillin for B. miyamotoi evaluated by microscopy were 16 to 32 mg/liter and 32 to 128 mg/liter, respectively. Since B. miyamotoi is susceptible to doxycycline, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone in vitro, our data suggest that these antibiotics can be used for the treatment of HTBRF. Oral amoxicillin is currently used as an alternative for the treatment of HTBRF; however, since we found that the B. miyamotoi strains tested were resistant to amoxicillin in vitro, this issue warrants further study. KEYWORDS hard-tick-borne relapsing fever, relapsing-fever borrelia, Borrelia miyamotoi, Borrelia miyamotoi disease, antibiotic susceptibility, antimicrobials T he relapsing-fever spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi was first described in Japan in 1995 (1). While it is phylogenetically closely related to other relapsing-fever (RF) spirochetes, such as Borrelia hermsii, Borrelia turicatae (transmitted by soft ticks), and Borrelia recurrentis (transmitted by body lice), it is transmitted by hard-bodied Ixodes ticks across the temperate zone (2). Ixodes ticks concomitantly transmit spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group, which are known to cause Lyme borreliosis (3). The incidence of B. miyamotoi in Ixodes ticks is lower than that of B. burgdorferi sensu lato, with infection rates ranging from 0 to 15.4% in the United States and as high as 4% in Europe and Japan (2, 4, 5). RF Borrelia spirochetes cause a variety of diseases, which are characterized by episodes of high fever separated by periods of relative well-being. The clinical presentation of disease caused by B. miyamotoi, however, appears to differ from that of classical RF, since relapsing-fever episodes have been observed only in 10% of patients infected with B. miyamotoi, and their levels of spirochetemia are calculated to be low (6, 7). Since most patients with B. miyamotoi infection are usually treated with antibiotics, this ...

show abstract

“…In Japan, patients were described that seemed to have co-infections of B. burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and B. miyamotoi [25]. The symptoms of patients suffering from B. miyamotoi infection differ from those described for Lyme borreliosis (e.g., [18]), and no respiratory involvement (as described for some relapsing fever spirochetes; see [34]) has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%