The inhibitor of growth (ING) family of proteins is an evolutionarily conserved family, with members present from yeast to humans. The mammalian ING proteins are candidate tumor suppressor proteins and accordingly can cooperate with p53 to arrest proliferation and induce apoptosis. ING proteins are also reported to function in the promotion of cellular senescence, the regulation of DNA damage responses and the inhibition of angiogenesis. At the molecular level, ING proteins are thought to function as chromatin regulatory molecules, acting as co-factors for distinct histone and factor acetyl-transferase (H/FAT) and deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme complexes. Further, ING proteins interact with a number of additional proteins involved in the regulation of critical nuclear processes, such as gene expression and DNA replication, and also function as nuclear phosphoinositide (PtdInsP) [He et al., 2005]. The bestcharacterized members include the five human members (INGs1-5) and three S. cerevisiae members (Yng1, Yng2, and Pho23.) The founding member of the family, ING1, was identified using an approach designed for discovery of genes whose expression was suppressed in cancer cells [Garkavtsev et al., 1996]. Accordingly, ING1 was subsequently shown to cooperate with p53 to induce apoptosis and cellular senescence, activities consistent with the notion that ING1 is a tumor suppressor [Garkavtsev and Riabowol, 1997;Garkavtsev et al., 1998]. Since the discovery of ING1, studies from multiple groups have implicated ING1 as well as other family members in negative regulation of cell proliferation, promotion of apoptosis and cellular senescence, contact inhibition, DNA damage repair, and inhibition of angiogenesis (for review see [Nouman et al., 2003;Campos et al., 2004; Gong etal., 2005; Kim,2005]andreferencestherein).In this context, multiple tumors have been found to either (i) harbor mutations within ING genes, (ii) have reduced expression of ING proteins, or (iii) have altered ING protein sub-cellular localization. Based on these collective findings, mammalian INGs are now thought to function as type II tumor suppressors (reviewed in [Gong et al., 2005]).Studies in both yeast and human cells suggest that ING proteins exert their biological functions through their associations with specific molecular partners. For the purpose of this Prospect, we divide these interacting partners of ING proteins into three groups: (i) components of HAT or HDAC complexes, (ii) other proteins involved in nuclear regulatory functions (e.g., p53 and NFkB), and (iii) the signaling lipids, PtdInsPs. Below we review these interactions and discuss the possibility that ING proteins function by integrating stress-induced PtdInsP signaling to (i) facilitate the assembly and (ii) regulate the sub-nuclear localization of distinct complexes consisting of different combinations of group (i) and (ii) interactors.