Human intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes are naturally permissive to HIV-1 infection

Lapenta, Caterina; Boirivant, Monica; Marini, Marco; Santini, Stefano M.; Logozzi, Mariantonia; Viora, Marina; Belardelli, Filippo; Fais, Stefano

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199904)29:04<1202::aid-immu1202>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 102 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This activation turns them into a preferential target for HIV replication, with consequent higher destruction of CD4+TL (12). It has been recently shown that mucosal mononuclear cells are more easily infected with HIV than peripheral cells, a fact that contributes to their destruction (34,35). In the absence of opportunistic infections, as in the present study, the activation status tends to be lower, with a lower destruction of mucosal CD4+TL.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Immunopathology of the duodenal mucosa of HIV-positive patients during combined antiretroviral therapy

Machado

Pagliari

Caiafa

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the duodenal mucosa of HIV-infected patients during antiretroviral therapy. This was an observational study conducted on HIV-positive patients and a control group. Group 1 comprised 22 HIV-negative individuals while 38 HIV-positive individuals were classified according to the CDC 1993 classification into group 2 (A1 or A2) or group 3 (B2, A3, B3, C2, C3). All subjects were submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with duodenal biopsies. Qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative histological analyses were performed. Results were considered significant when P < 0.05. A higher prevalence of inflammatory infiltrate and eosinophilia was observed in the HIV group, together with a reduction in mucosal CD4+ lymphocyte (L) counts [median (lower-upper quartiles), 12.82 (8.30-20.33), 6.36 (1.75-11.66) and 1.75 (0.87-3.14) in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively] which was not correlated with disease stage. The extent of CD4+L count reduction was similar in blood and duodenal mucosa. Normal CD8+L and CD45RO+L counts, and normal numbers of macrophages and antigen-presenting cells were also found in the HIV patients. The cytokine pattern did not differ among groups. Tissue HIV, assessed by p24 antigen, correlated with a higher CD45RO+L count (77.0 (61-79.8) and 43.6 (31.7-62.8) in p24+ and p24-, respectively, P = 0.003), and IL-4 positivity (100 and 48.2% in p24+ and p24-, respectively, P = 0.005). The duodenal mucosa of HIV+ patients showed a relatively preserved histological architecture. This finding may be characteristic of a population without opportunistic infections and treated with potent antiretroviral therapy, with a better preservation of the immune status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Immunopathology of the duodenal mucosa of HIV-positive patients during combined antiretroviral therapy

Machado

Pagliari

Caiafa

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…VSV has been shown in vitro to infect activated T and B cells, and the LP is rich in such cells (44 -46). If true in vivo, this infection may provide interesting parallels to that mediated by viruses such as HIV and SIV, which focus in intestinal mucosa and infect activated lymphocytes (47)(48)(49). It has been difficult to isolate VSV from infected mice even early after infection, but a nonproductive infection in vivo, such as has been described in vitro for B cells, could provide an Ag depot that is slowly cleared by cytolytic CD8 T cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Analysis of the Dynamics of the Intestinal Mucosa CD8 T Cell Response to Systemic Virus Infection

Masopust

Jiang

Shen

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

138

111

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The CD8 T cell response to vesicular stomatitis virus infection was characterized in the spleen and intestinal mucosa using MHC tetramers. Surprisingly, the primary response persisted in the lamina propria long after the splenic response had declined. Furthermore, the response was characterized by a protracted effector phase in which cytolytic activity in the lamina propria, but not in the spleen, was maintained. The appearance of Ag-specific cells in the intestinal mucosa was largely, though not exclusively, a result of β7 integrin-mediated migration. Infection with Listeria monocytogenes or with vaccinia virus also led to sustained mucosal responses. After reinfection of vesicular stomatitis virus-primed mice with a serotypically distinct virus, a sustained recall response was detected in all tissues. In CD40−/− mice, the mucosal, but not the splenic, response was compromised, resulting in diminished mucosal memory. The recall response was CD40 independent and correlated with memory levels, indicating that the mucosal and systemic responses operated independently. These findings illustrated the integrated yet distinct nature of systemic vs mucosal immune responses.

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“…Previous immunohistologic studies showed that CCR5 ϩ cells dominate in the lamina propria (37), and it is well established that lamina propria T cells are derived from PP T cells. In addition, it has been shown that infection of macaques with CCR5 tropic strains of chimeric SIV, but not CCR4 tropic strains, leads to a dramatic loss of lamina propria T cells (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Peyer’s Patch T Cells Are Sensitized to Dietary Antigen and Display a Th Cell Type 1 Cytokine Profile

Nagata

McKenzie

Pender

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

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Animal studies have demonstrated that feeding Ags induces regulatory (Th2, Th3) cells in Peyer’s patches (PP), which migrate to the periphery and produce immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, or TGF-β. In this work we have attempted to extend this paradigm to man by analyzing the response of human PP T cells to in vitro challenge with the common dietary Ag β-lactoglobulin (βlg) of cow’s milk. PP T cells stimulated with βlg showed enhanced proliferation compared with blood T cells from the same patient. Increased expression of CD25 and the Th1-associated chemokine receptor CCR5 was also seen on CD4+ and CD8+ PP T cells, but not blood T cells, stimulated with βlg. By enzyme-linked immunospot assay and RT-PCR, the PP T cell recall response to βlg and casein was dominated by IFN-γ, with negligible IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, or TGF-β. To help explain the PP T cell response to βlg, we examined IL-12 expression. Both IL-12p40 and -p35 transcripts were abundantly expressed in PP, but not in adjacent normal ileal mucosa. Immunoreactive IL-12p40-containing cells were present below the PP dome epithelium. Furthermore, in culture, PP, but not paired PBMC, spontaneously released IL-12p70. These results suggest that the human response to oral Ags in the gut may be different from that in rodents.

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Human intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes are naturally permissive to HIV-1 infection

Cited by 102 publications

References 42 publications

Immunopathology of the duodenal mucosa of HIV-positive patients during combined antiretroviral therapy

Immunopathology of the duodenal mucosa of HIV-positive patients during combined antiretroviral therapy

Direct Analysis of the Dynamics of the Intestinal Mucosa CD8 T Cell Response to Systemic Virus Infection

Human Peyer’s Patch T Cells Are Sensitized to Dietary Antigen and Display a Th Cell Type 1 Cytokine Profile

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