Human intestinal microbiota and healthy ageing

Tiihonen, Kirsti; Ouwehand, Arthur C.; Rautonen, Nina

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2009.10.004

Cited by 299 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Near 2 years of age, the microbiota of children become more similar to the adult and present large changes thereafter (Tiihonen et al, 2009). In this study, healthy children contain a significantly higher number of poorly known, unclassified microorganisms than do autoimmune children overtime (Figure 1c).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Autoimmune Microbiomementioning

confidence: 77%

Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes

et al. 2010

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Several studies have shown that gut bacteria have a role in diabetes in murine models. Specific bacteria have been correlated with the onset of diabetes in a rat model. However, it is unknown whether human intestinal microbes have a role in the development of autoimmunity that often leads to type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disorder in which insulin-secreting pancreatic islet cells are destroyed. High-throughput, culture-independent approaches identified bacteria that correlate with the development of T1D-associated autoimmunity in young children who are at high genetic risk for this disorder. The level of bacterial diversity diminishes overtime in these autoimmune subjects relative to that of age-matched, genotype-matched, nonautoimmune individuals. A single species, Bacteroides ovatus, comprised nearly 24% of the total increase in the phylum Bacteroidetes in cases compared with controls. Conversely, another species in controls, represented by the human firmicute strain CO19, represented nearly 20% of the increase in Firmicutes compared with cases overtime. Three lines of evidence are presented that support the notion that, as healthy infants approach the toddler stage, their microbiomes become healthier and more stable, whereas, children who are destined for autoimmunity develop a microbiome that is less diverse and stable. Hence, the autoimmune microbiome for T1D may be distinctly different from that found in healthy children. These data also suggest bacterial markers for the early diagnosis of T1D. In addition, bacteria that negatively correlated with the autoimmune state may prove to be useful in the prevention of autoimmunity development in high-risk children.

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Section: Characteristics Of the Autoimmune Microbiomementioning

confidence: 77%

Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes

et al. 2010

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“…11 More specifically, when comparing the microbiota of elderly with that of younger adults, lower levels of Firmicutes, mainly Clostridium cluster XIVa and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Actinobacteria (mainly bifidobacteria), and increased populations of Proteobacteria have been found [19][20][21][22][23][24] (Table 1). With regard to other relevant intestinal microbial populations such as the phylum Bacteriodetes, the results are more variable, with some studies reporting lower levels 19,[23][24][25][26][27] while others have indicated increases of this microbial group in elderly subjects. 21 Similarly, variable results have also been observed for lactobacilli, with some studies reporting a reduction 22,28 and others an increase in the levels of these microorganisms at older ages.…”

Section: The Gut Microbiome: Composition Functionality and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…21 Similarly, variable results have also been observed for lactobacilli, with some studies reporting a reduction 22,28 and others an increase in the levels of these microorganisms at older ages. 24,27,29 It is still unclear whether this variability in the results obtained for certain microbial groups is related to actual population differences or to methodological issues, such as the different techniques used for determining microbial abundancies ( Table 1).…”

Section: The Gut Microbiome: Composition Functionality and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and the gut microbiome in the elderly

et al. 2016

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The gut microbiota is the assembly of microorganisms living in our intestine and their genomes are known as the microbiome. The correct composition and functionality of this microbiome is essential for maintaining a "healthy status." Aging is related to changes in the gut microbiota which are frequently associated with physiological modifications of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as, to changes in dietary patterns, together with a concomitant decline in cognitive and immune function, all together contributing to frailty. Therefore, nutritional strategies directed at restoring the microbiota in the elderly have to be addressed from a global perspective, considering not only the microbiota but also other extra-intestinal targets of action. The present review aims at summarizing the current knowledge on intestinal microbiota alterations and other functions impaired in the elderly and to analyze tools for implementing nutritional strategies, through the use of probiotics, prebiotics or specific nutrients in order to counterbalance such alterations.

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“…Reduced biodiversity, compromised stability and larger inter-individual variation in the gut microbiota have become widely recognised as a feature of ageing (1)(2)(3) . A reduction in total gene counts in faecal samples from 178 elderly subjects in long-term care compared with those in the community illustrates the reduction in gut microbiota biodiversity, which is associated with frailty, morbidity and poor nutritional status in elderly subjects (1) .…”

Section: Influence Of Ageing On the Gut Microbiota Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing, immunity and influenza: a role for probiotics?

Yaqoob

2013

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Influenza is a major cause of death in the over 65s. Increased susceptibility to infection and reduced response to vaccination are due to immunosenscence in combination with medical history and lifestyle factors. Age-related alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota have a direct impact on the immune system and it is proposed that modulation of the gut microbiota using pre- and probiotics could offer an opportunity to improve immune responses to infections and vaccination in older people. There is growing evidence that probiotics have immunomodulatory properties, which to some extent are strain-dependent, and are strongly influenced by ageing. Randomised controlled trials suggest that probiotics may reduce the incidence and/or severity of respiratory infections, although there is limited data on older people. A small number of studies have examined the potential adjuvant effects of selected probiotics for vaccination against influenza; however, the data is inconsistent, particularly in older people. This review describes the impact of age-related changes in the gut on the immune response to respiratory infections and evaluates whether restoration of gut microbial homoeostasis by probiotics offers an opportunity to modulate the outcome of respiratory infections and vaccination against influenza in older people. Although there is promising evidence for effects of probiotics on human health, there is a lack of consistent data, perhaps partly due to strain-specific differences and an influence of the age of the host. Further research is critical in evaluating the potential use of probiotics in respiratory infections and vaccination in the ageing population.

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Human intestinal microbiota and healthy ageing

Cited by 299 publications

References 106 publications

Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes

Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes

Nutrition and the gut microbiome in the elderly

Ageing, immunity and influenza: a role for probiotics?

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