Human introductions create opportunities for intra-specific hybridization in an alien lizard

Michaelides, Sozos; While, Geoffrey M.; Bell, Celia; Uller, Tobias

doi:10.1007/s10530-012-0353-3

Cited by 30 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A time delay between introduction and range expansion appears to be a common pattern in biological invasions and recent studies of non-native insects and plants have demonstrated how adaptive divergence can facilitate spread into environments that were previously too stressful [8,9]. Wall lizards in England show limited natural dispersal [15] but the ability to recruit from nests with less benign thermal profiles may contribute to their expansion in several locations. Non-native populations with shorter incubation duration may also serve as sources for new introductions and hence make human-mediated range expansion more likely [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“….428 E)). The non-native populations represent at least two separate native sources for both the Italian and the French lineage that correspond well to the sampling locations of native animals [15]. Females had visible mating scars, large follicles or carried recently ovulated eggs (as determined by palpation), which ensured that they were fertile but would complete the large majority of gestation in the laboratory.…”

Section: (B) Effects Of Hatching Date On Recruitment Into Adulthoodmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…50 -70 mm snout-tovent length) diurnal lizard. It is native to southern and western Europe, but has established non-native populations in many places in Europe and in North America [14,15,28]. There are around 30 extant populations in southern England, the majority of which are highly geographically restricted with limited ecological impact [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive responses to cool climate promotes persistence of a non-native lizard

et al. 2015

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Successful establishment and range expansion of non-native species often require rapid accommodation of novel environments. Here, we use commongarden experiments to demonstrate parallel adaptive evolutionary response to a cool climate in populations of wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) introduced from southern Europe into England. Low soil temperatures in the introduced range delay hatching, which generates directional selection for a shorter incubation period. Non-native lizards from two separate lineages have responded to this selection by retaining their embryos for longer before ovipositionhence reducing the time needed to complete embryogenesis in the nest-and by an increased developmental rate at low temperatures. This divergence mirrors local adaptation across latitudes and altitudes within widely distributed species and suggests that evolutionary responses to climate can be very rapid. When extrapolated to soil temperatures encountered in nests within the introduced range, embryo retention and faster developmental rate result in one to several weeks earlier emergence compared with the ancestral state. We show that this difference translates into substantial survival benefits for offspring. This should promote short-and long-term persistence of nonnative populations, and ultimately enable expansion into areas that would be unattainable with incubation duration representative of the native range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (B) Effects Of Hatching Date On Recruitment Into Adulthoodmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive responses to cool climate promotes persistence of a non-native lizard

et al. 2015

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“…; Michaelides et al . ). All sampled individuals in non‐native populations have been previously sequenced (Michaelides et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…, ) including over 40 times to the United Kingdom (UK) (Gleed‐Owen ; Michaelides et al . ). In the UK, the species has been common in herpetological collections ever since the 19th century (Lever ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Widespread primary, but geographically restricted secondary, human introductions of wall lizards, Podarcis muralis

et al. 2015

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Establishing the introduction pathways of alien species is a fundamental task in invasion biology. The common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis, has been widely introduced outside of its native range in both Europe and North America, primarily through escaped pets or deliberate release of animals from captive or wild populations. Here, we use Bayesian clustering, approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) methods and network analyses to reconstruct the origin and colonization history of 23 non-native populations of wall lizards in England. Our analyses show that established populations in southern England originate from at least nine separate sources of animals from native populations in France and Italy. Secondary introductions from previously established non-native populations were supported for eleven (47%) populations. In contrast to the primary introductions, secondary introductions were highly restricted geographically and appear to have occurred within a limited time frame rather than being increasingly common. Together, these data suggest that extant wall lizard populations in England are the result of isolated accidental and deliberate releases of imported animals since the 1970s, with only local translocation of animals from established non-native populations. Given that populations introduced as recently as 25 years ago show evidence of having adapted to cool climate, discouraging further translocations may be important to prevent more extensive establishment on the south coast of England.

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