Human Invasive Muscular Sarcocystosis Induces Th2 Cytokine Polarization and Biphasic Cytokine Changes, Based on an Investigation among Travelers Returning from Tioman Island, Malaysia

Tappe, Dennis; Slesak, Günther; Pérez-Girón, José Vicente; Schäfer, Johannes; Langeheinecke, Andreas; Just‐Nübling, G.; Muñoz‐Fontela, César; Püllmann, Kerstin

doi:10.1128/cvi.00042-15

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, SWFCA did not suppress DC activation, but induced a mature pro-inflammatory DC phenotype that preferentially elicited Th1/Th17 responses, immune responses associated with S. fusiformis clearance (Gazzinelli et al 1993;Hayashi et al 1996;Manicassamy and Pulendran 2011). There is some supporting evidence which may explain the dichotomy observed between our findings and the reports from El Shanawany et al in which a study reported biphasic immune responses in infected humans, with a Th1 biased response being observed during the initial phase of infection, while during the muscle stage a Th2 response was observed which correlate with hyper-eosinophilia in invasive muscle tissue (Tappe et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…However, studies have demonstrated that S. calchasi infection is associated with Th1 immune response at the schizogonic phase, which may facilitate evasion and suppression of host inflammatory response (Olias et al 2013). Humans infection with S. nesbitti in the initial phase of infection express low levels of IL-12, IFNc, RANTES, MCP-1 and IL12p70 while higher cytokines levels were detected in Phase II of infection (Tappe et al 2015). Phase I may point towards a decrease in T cell function and DC activation and recruitment as seen in other studies (Sallusto et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sarcocystis fusiformis whole cyst antigen activates pro-inflammatory dendritic cells

et al. 2019

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Sarcocystis fusiformis is a coccidian tissue parasite that causes infection in buffalo in countries such an Egypt, China, Iraq and Iran, resulting in significant economic losses to the agricultural industry annually. There is a lack of studies examining host-parasite interactions at the level of the immune response and the present study investigates the interaction between S. fusiformis whole cyst antigens (SFWCA) and dendritic cells (DCs), cells critical to the activation of adaptive immunity. In this study bone marrow derived DCs (BMDCs) were phenotyped following treatment with SFWCA by measuring cell viability, cytokine secretion, and cell surface marker expression. While SFWCA exhibited cytotoxic effects on BMDCs at higher concentrations, lower concentrations of SFWCA activated pro-inflammatory DCs that significantly secreted interleukin (IL)-12p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-6 and IL-10. These cells also displayed enhanced expression of TLR4, CD80, CD86 and MHC II on their surface, which is indicative of full DCs maturation. Moreover, SFWCA significantly attenuated the capacity of BMDCs to suppress Th2 associated cytokines, notably IL-5 and IL-13, while simultaneously exhibiting no effects on the secretion of interferon (IFN)-c, IL-2, IL-17, and IL-10. In conclusion, this is the first study to provide fundamental insight into the activation of DCs by SFWCA, providing us with some awareness into the interaction of the Sarcosystis parasite with its host. The pro-inflammatory inducing ability of this antigen is in keeping with studies performed in other protozoan parasites and therefore understanding these interactions is important in the development of future therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcocystis fusiformis whole cyst antigen activates pro-inflammatory dendritic cells

et al. 2019

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“…Nickdel et al [40] discussed that T. gondii infection cause's eosinophilia and increased the level of IL-5, with pathological changes in the small intestine, with a simultaneous reduction in IL-12 and IFN-γ. Moreover, a biphasic immune responses were characteristic in eosinophilic muscle invasive Sarcocystis infections with a Th1 response during the initial phase while in muscle stage, the Th2 response was abundant [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Buffaloes Naturally Infected with Sarcocystosis with Risk Factor Assessment

2019

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Sarcocystosis is a silent, parasitic disease which affects various animal species and causes significant economic losses. It is caused by a number of different intracellular Sarcocystis spp. This study was aimed to detect the host humoral and cellular immune response due to natural infection. Adding to the determination of the infection rate in Monufia Governorate, Egypt. A total number of 127 Egyptian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis); 30 males and 97 females between 2-11 years of age were examined during 2018. An infection rate of 74% (94/127) was detected by macroscopic examination. The old age females were found to be at a high risk of 90.7% (88/97) in comparison with the young males 20% (6/30). Immunologically, the cellular and humoral immune response was determined using ELISA. A marked down-regulation of the proinflammatory Th-1 cytokine (IFN-γ) and up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory Th-2 cytokine (IL-5) adding to a high level of IgG and IgE were detected in the infected animals compared to the non infected ones. The local cellular immune response in the infected tissues was characterized by an accumulation of mixed inflammatory cells, granuloma formation, eosinophilic infiltration, muscular edema, and necrotic degeneration. In conclusion, the Sarcocystis infection rate in the naturally infected buffaloes in Monufia Governorate was high. This is the first study to provide a fundamental insight into the immune profile in buffaloes infected with Sarcocystis spp. So, it will provide valuable insights to develop novel effective vaccines in future studies. Moreover, sensitive and specific tools should be established for the accurate diagnosis of this disease in the different Egyptian governorates through well-structured serological surveys.

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Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Dermatomyositis (DM) and Polymyositis (PM)

Danieli¹,

Paladini²,

Paladini³

et al. 2022

Role of Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Autoimmune Diseases

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Human Invasive Muscular Sarcocystosis Induces Th2 Cytokine Polarization and Biphasic Cytokine Changes, Based on an Investigation among Travelers Returning from Tioman Island, Malaysia

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Sarcocystis fusiformis whole cyst antigen activates pro-inflammatory dendritic cells

Sarcocystis fusiformis whole cyst antigen activates pro-inflammatory dendritic cells

Detection of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Buffaloes Naturally Infected with Sarcocystosis with Risk Factor Assessment

Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Dermatomyositis (DM) and Polymyositis (PM)

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