Human leishmaniasis in Brazil: A general review

Anversa, Laís; Tibúrcio, Monique Gomes Salles; Richini-Pereira, Virgínia Bodelão; Ramı́rez, Luı́s Eduardo

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.64.03.281

Cited by 101 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We observed that municipalities with a moderate (21 to 50) to high (51 to 828) number of confirmed ATL cases were associated with the following characteristics: pregnancy, indigenous population, peri-urban zone, yellow-skinned individuals, and children younger than 1-year-old. Municipalities with a low number of ATL cases (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) were associated with characteristics, such as education level, age range, skin color (not black-or yellow-skinned), and non-indigenous origin. The confirmation criteria were not clinical and epidemiological, and the infection did not occur in peri-urban areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phlebotomine sand flies, such as Nyssomyia spp. and Lutzomyia spp., belonging to the family Psychodidae (subfamily Phlebotominae), act as vectors for Leishmania in the Americas and play an important role in disease dissemination among humans and domestic animal reservoirs [3][4][5]. In Brazil and South America, the major agent causing ATL is the Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in transmission areas in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2007 to 2017

et al. 2020

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Background: American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a widespread anthropozoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is considered a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to provide a descriptive analysis of confirmed ATL cases and evaluate the spatial distribution of ATL in high-risk transmission areas from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: An ecological, analytical, and retrospective study of the confirmed cases of ATL in Minas Gerais from 2007 to 2017 was conducted. To characterize these cases, multiple correspondence analysis and georeferencing of the ATL prevalence rates in the municipalities were conducted based on variables obtained at Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação and Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística databases. Results: There were 13,025 confirmed cases of ATL from 74.4% (635) municipalities of Minas Gerais, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 66.5 cases for every 100,000 inhabitants. Males aged 20 to 59 years and individuals who attended elementary school were most affected with ATL. Multiple correspondence analysis presented an accumulated qui-squared value of 44.74%, proving that there was a relationship between the variables, including ethnicity, age, pregnancy status, zone of infection, and number of cases. Conclusion: We confirmed that ATL is endemic to Minas Gerais, and there is high risk of infection within the municipalities due to a high rate of parasite transmission. The occurrence of infection in children, pregnant women, and the indigenous population demonstrates the need for the government to expand social policies aimed at vulnerable groups.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in transmission areas in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2007 to 2017

et al. 2020

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“…Dear Editor, Biological drugs have revolutionized the control of immune‐mediated diseases, but most of the safety studies have not evaluated the risk of endemic infections, such as leishmaniasis, in underdeveloped regions . The control of this parasite is strongly dependent on the production of specific cytokines [interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α], which are important targets of biological therapies. Several reports have described cases of leishmaniasis in patients undergoing biological treatments, but the real risk is unknown.…”

Section: Frequency Of Positivity In the Three Screening Strategies Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result calls attention to the fact that although immunological status is critical for the development of leishmaniasis, socioenvironmental factors are probably much more important for disease transmission. It is well known that poor ecological conditions favour the maintenance of vectors and consequently the occurrence of the disease …”

Section: Frequency Of Positivity In the Three Screening Strategies Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐sectional screening study for Leishmania DNA and antibodies in biologic‐treated patients with psoriasis living in an area endemic for leishmaniasis

et al. 2019

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“…12 Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality, affecting millions of people worldwide, mostly in Latin American countries. 13,14 The clinical treatment includes pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, paromomycin, miltefosine, and…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Chemical Composition, Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oils from Leaves of Guarea macrophylla (Meliaceae) from Two Different Regions of São Paulo State, Brazil, Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Oliveira¹,

Martins²,

Soares³

et al. 2019

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Meliaceae representatives are economically important in several aspects including the production of highly prized woods (mahogany, cedar, etc.), constituents for cosmetics, and insecticides. The present study aimed to verify the chemical composition as well as leishmanicidal and cytotoxic potential of essential oils from leaves of two different populations of Guarea macrophylla collected at cities of São Paulo (population I) and Cubatão (population II), São Paulo State, Brazil. Chemically, the oils showed the predominance of sesquiterpenes: cis-β-guaiene, bicyclogermacrene, viridiflorol, and isolongifolan-7α-ol from population I and α-copaene, E-caryophyllene, cis-β-guaiene, and γ-amorphene from population II. In vitro antileishmanial activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis of essential oils was evaluated and displayed 50% effective concentration (EC 50) values ranging from 11.8 to 20.5 µg mL-1. Furthermore, toxicity against peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice was observed, with 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC 50) ranging from 17.7 to > 100 µg mL-1. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed the influence of each constituent of the oils against L. amazonensis being 1,10-di-epi-cubenol, α-amorphene, E-caryophyllene, isopimara-7,15-diene, and β-elemene associated with the antileishmanial potential.

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Human leishmaniasis in Brazil: A general review

Cited by 101 publications

References 44 publications

Profile of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in transmission areas in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2007 to 2017

Profile of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in transmission areas in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2007 to 2017

Cross‐sectional screening study for Leishmania DNA and antibodies in biologic‐treated patients with psoriasis living in an area endemic for leishmaniasis

A Comparative Study on Chemical Composition, Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oils from Leaves of Guarea macrophylla (Meliaceae) from Two Different Regions of São Paulo State, Brazil, Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

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