Human Leptospirosis in Oceania

Lau, Colleen L

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43148-2_7

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…4 The incidence of leptospirosis is highest in tropical and subtropical areas, and disease burden is particularly high in Oceania. 5 Summary statistics of cases reported to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) in Australia are shown in Figure 2. The average notification rate from 2007 to 2016 was 0.55 cases per 100,000 population per year, 6 ranging from 1.85 cases per 100,000 population per year in Queensland, to 0.94 cases per 100,000 population per year in the Northern Territory, and <0.3 cases per 100,000 population per year in the other states and territories.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis: An important zoonosis acquired through work, play and travel

Lau¹,

Townell²,

Stephenson³

et al. 2018

Aust J Gen Pract

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Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis: An important zoonosis acquired through work, play and travel

Lau¹,

Townell²,

Stephenson³

et al. 2018

Aust J Gen Pract

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“…Icterohaemorrhagiae was the serovar of greatest clinical and epidemiological importance for humans; severe forms of the infection are reported, with negative prognosis and mortality around 50%. Despite Icterohaemorrhagiae being the most frequent serovar in the Americas (10% prevalence), countries Rev Panam Salud Publica 47, 2023 | www.paho.org/journal | https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2023.126 in Africa and Oceania present higher prevalence for Pomona, Canicola, and Hardjo (37)(38)(39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human leptospirosis in the Americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Browne,

Pereira,

Barreto

et al. 2023

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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Objective. To describe the prevalence of leptospirosis in the Americas. Methods. A systematic review and meta-analysis, in the period 1930 to 2017, performed on a search of six platforms: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Embase, and Cochrane. Results. The search found 77 publications of which 53 (68%) were from the period 2000–2017. Of the 77, 62 studies were included in the analysis, from North America (11, 17%), Central America (9, 14%), and South America (42, 67%), and 22 studies were from urban areas. Leptospirosis prevalence in the 62 studies analyzed corresponded to 28% (95% CI [23, 32]). Countries with higher prevalence were United States of America (41%), Colombia (29%), and Brazil (21%). The most frequent serovars found were Icterohaemorrhagiae (43 of 77 publications, 55%), Canicola (35, 45%), Pomona (28, 36%), and Grippotyphosa (26, 33%). Conclusions. There is variability of Leptospira species and serovars with heterogenous distribution throughout the Americas, with high prevalence in some countries, highlighting the need for action to control the disease.

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“…Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with an estimated 1.03 million cases, and 58,000 deaths reported globally each year [1]. It is found in all regions of the world, but the burden of disease is particularly high in Oceania and other resource-limited settings [2][3][4], and it is a major public health concern in many countries. It is caused by pathogenic spirochaete bacteria, of the genus leptospira [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the relationship between climatic indicators and leptospirosis incidence in Fiji: A modelling study

Rees,

Lotto Batista,

Kama

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Leptospirosis, a global zoonotic disease, is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, including Fiji where it’s endemic with year-round cases and sporadic outbreaks coinciding with heavy rainfall. However, the relationship between climate and leptospirosis has not yet been well characterised in the South Pacific. In this study, we quantify the effects of different climatic indicators on leptospirosis incidence in Fiji, using a time series of weekly case data between 2006 and 2017. We used a Bayesian hierarchical mixed-model framework to explore the impact of different precipitation, temperature, and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indicators on leptospirosis cases over a 12-year period. We found that total precipitation from the previous six weeks (lagged by one week) was the best precipitation indicator, with increased total precipitation leading to increased leptospirosis incidence (0.24 [95% CrI 0.15–0.33]). Negative values of the Niño 3.4 index (indicative of La Niña conditions) lagged by four weeks were associated with increased leptospirosis risk (-0.2 [95% CrI -0.29 –-0.11]). Finally, minimum temperature (lagged by one week) when included with the other variables was positively associated with leptospirosis risk (0.15 [95% CrI 0.01–0.30]). We found that the final model was better able to capture the outbreak peaks compared with the baseline model (which included seasonal and inter-annual random effects), particularly in the Western and Northern division, with climate indicators improving predictions 58.1% of the time. This study identified key climatic factors influencing leptospirosis risk in Fiji. Combining these results with demographic and spatial factors can support a precision public health framework allowing for more effective public health preparedness and response which targets interventions to the right population, place, and time. This study further highlights the need for enhanced surveillance data and is a necessary first step towards the development of a climate-based early warning system.

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Human Leptospirosis in Oceania

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Leptospirosis: An important zoonosis acquired through work, play and travel

Leptospirosis: An important zoonosis acquired through work, play and travel

Prevalence of human leptospirosis in the Americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Quantifying the relationship between climatic indicators and leptospirosis incidence in Fiji: A modelling study

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