Human mesenchymal stem cells are tolerized by mice and improve skin and spinal cord injuries

Adesanya

et al. 2014

Cell Physiol Biochem

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major health burden in the world. Stem cell-based therapy has emerged as an attractive treatment option in regenerative medicine. In this study, we sought to test the hypothesis that stem cell-based therapy can ameliorate ischemia induced limb injury. Methods: We isolated mesenchymal stem cells derived from human placentas (PMSCs) and intramuscularly transplanted them into injured hind limbs. Treatment with PMSCs reduced acute muscle fibers apoptosis induced by ischemia. Results: PMSC treatment significantly enhanced regeneration of the injured hind limb by reducing fibrosis and enhancing running capacity when the animals were subjected to treadmill training. Mechanistically, injected PMSCs can modulate acute inflammatory responses by reducing neutrophil and macrophage infiltration following limb ischemia. ELISA assays further confirmed that PMSC treatment can also reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, and enhance anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 at the injury sites. Conclusion: Taken together, our results demonstrated that PMSCs can be a potential effective therapy for treatment of PAD via immunomodulation.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates Ischemia Induced Limb Injury by Immunomodulation

Adesanya

et al. 2014

Cell Physiol Biochem

BioMed Research International

“…This was repeated for 3 passages when the cells were then cryopreserved prior to use. When used these MSCs were introduced systemically via intravenous injection into the mouse tail vein [36]. The majority of these cells were reported to be CD44 positive, which again suggested a mixed population of cells.…”

Section: Mesenchymal Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another of the earlier studies investigating the effects of human BM-MSCs on skin repair was conducted by Mansilla et al (2005). Mice received a full-thickness skin defect dorsally and BM-MSCs were either injected systemically or applied to the wound in a polymer implant, which resulted in accelerated wound closure in the treated mice (in both cellular treatments) when compared to the vehicle controls [36]. Falanga et al (2007) again used autologous MSCs harvested from patients with acute wounds from skin cancer surgery or from patients with chronic wounds.…”

Section: Mesenchymal Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cells for Cutaneous Wound Healing

Kirby

Mills

Cowin

et al. 2015

Optimum healing of a cutaneous wound involves a well-orchestrated cascade of biological and molecular processes involving cell migration, proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition, and remodelling. When the normal biological process fails for any reason, this healing process can stall resulting in chronic wounds. Wounds are a growing clinical burden on healthcare systems and with an aging population as well as increasing incidences of obesity and diabetes, this problem is set to increase. Cell therapies may be the solution. A range of cell based approaches have begun to cross the rift from bench to bedside and the supporting data suggests that the appropriate administration of stem cells can accelerate wound healing. This review examines the main cell types explored for cutaneous wound healing with a focus on clinical use. The literature overwhelmingly suggests that cell therapies can help to heal cutaneous wounds when used appropriately but we are at risk of clinical use outpacing the evidence. There is a need, now more than ever, for standardised methods of cell characterisation and delivery, as well as randomised clinical trials.

Stem Cells International

“…In animal models, MSC transplantation following SCI has been observed to promote axonal regeneration [37–39] and is associated with functional recovery [40, 41]. Human MSCs (hMSCs) have also been investigated in small animal models in anticipation of future translational research and were found to be well tolerated and to promote limited functional recovery [57, 58]. …”

Section: Cellular Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential for Cellular Therapy Combined with Growth Factors in Spinal Cord Injury

Rosner

Avalos

Acosta

et al. 2012

Any traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) may cause symptoms ranging from pain to complete loss of motor and sensory functions below the level of the injury. Currently, there are over 2 million SCI patients worldwide. The cost of their necessary continuing care creates a burden for the patient, their families, and society. Presently, few SCI treatments are available and none have facilitated neural regeneration and/or significant functional improvement. Research is being conducted in the following areas: pathophysiology, cellular therapies (Schwann cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells), growth factors (BDNF), inhibitory molecules (NG2, myelin protein), and combination therapies (cell grafts and neurotrophins, cotransplantation). Results are often limited because of the inhibitory environment created following the injury and the limited regenerative potential of the central nervous system. Therapies that show promise in small animal models may not transfer to nonhuman primates and humans. None of the research has resulted in remarkable improvement, but many areas show promise. Studies have suggested that a combination of therapies may enhance results and may be more effective than a single therapy. This paper reviews and discusses the most promising new SCI research including combination therapies.