Human mesenchymal stem cells are sensitive to abnormal gravity and exhibit classic apoptotic features

Meng, Rui; Xu, Huiyun; Di, Shengmeng; Shi, Dongyan; Qian, Airong; Wang, Jinfu; Shang, Peng

doi:10.1093/abbs/gmq121

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It is widely recognized that several kinds of cells, including endothelial cells, 28 osteoblasts, 29 myoblasts, 30 and stem cells, 31 are sensitive to a change of gravity-force intensity. In particular, it was found that hypergravity treatments could enhance osteogenesis in osteoblast-like cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barium titanate nanoparticles and hypergravity stimulation improve differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts

Rocca¹,

Marino²,

Rocca³

et al. 2015

IJN

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Background Enhancement of the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is highly desirable in the field of bone regeneration. This paper proposes a new approach for the improvement of osteogenesis combining hypergravity with osteoinductive nanoparticles (NPs). Materials and methods In this study, we aimed to investigate the combined effects of hypergravity and barium titanate NPs (BTNPs) on the osteogenic differentiation of rat MSCs, and the hypergravity effects on NP internalization. To obtain the hypergravity condition, we used a large-diameter centrifuge in the presence of a BTNP-doped culture medium. We analyzed cell morphology and NP internalization with immunofluorescent staining and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, respectively. Moreover, cell differentiation was evaluated both at the gene level with quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and at the protein level with Western blotting. Results Following a 20 g treatment, we found alterations in cytoskeleton conformation, cellular shape and morphology, as well as a significant increment of expression of osteoblastic markers both at the gene and protein levels, jointly pointing to a substantial increment of NP uptake. Taken together, our findings suggest a synergistic effect of hypergravity and BTNPs in the enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Conclusion The obtained results could become useful in the design of new approaches in bone-tissue engineering, as well as for in vitro drug-delivery strategies where an increment of nanocarrier internalization could result in a higher drug uptake by cell and/or tissue constructs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barium titanate nanoparticles and hypergravity stimulation improve differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts

Rocca¹,

Marino²,

Rocca³

et al. 2015

IJN

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“…73 Each system (RPM and RWV) that generates tissue-like cell assembles under microgravity conditions, initially induces an enhanced rate of apoptosis together with an increase in proapoptotic factors. 10,53,60,[74][75][76] In EC, apoptosis seems to impair the angiogenic response to s-mg produced on the RPM. 77 NF-kB1 plays a central role in bone reduction under microgravity conditions.…”

Section: Known Mechanisms Involved In Spheroid Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Tissues in Real and Simulated Microgravity: New Methods for Tissue Engineering

Grimm

Wehland

Pietsch

et al. 2014

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

124

137

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Tissue engineering in simulated (s-) and real microgravity (r-mg) is currently a topic in Space medicine contributing to biomedical sciences and their applications on Earth. The principal aim of this review is to highlight the advances and accomplishments in the field of tissue engineering that could be achieved by culturing cells in Space or by devices created to simulate microgravity on Earth. Understanding the biology of three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structures is very important for a more complete appreciation of in vivo tissue function and advancing in vitro tissue engineering efforts. Various cells exposed to r-mg in Space or to s-mg created by a random positioning machine, a 2D-clinostat, or a rotating wall vessel bioreactor grew in the form of 3D tissues. Hence, these methods represent a new strategy for tissue engineering of a variety of tissues, such as regenerated cartilage, artificial vessel constructs, and other organ tissues as well as multicellular cancer spheroids. These aggregates are used to study molecular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, cancer development, and biology and for pharmacological testing of, for example, chemotherapeutic drugs or inhibitors of neoangiogenesis. Moreover, they are useful for studying multicellular responses in toxicology and radiation biology, or for performing coculture experiments. The future will show whether these tissue-engineered constructs can be used for medical transplantations. Unveiling the mechanisms of microgravity-dependent molecular and cellular changes is an up-to-date requirement for improving Space medicine and developing new treatment strategies that can be translated to in vivo models while reducing the use of laboratory animals.

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“…The changes in F-actin filaments that occur during weightlessness are in accordance with the disruption of F-actin stress fibers that occur during apoptosis [33]. Disruption of the cytoskeleton and classic apoptotic features have led to the suggestion that MSCs are sensitive to microgravity [20]. Recent studies have demonstrated that simulated microgravity inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and osteogenic precursor cells [34,35].…”

Section: The Cytoskeletonmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…A ground-based simulated experimental platform, using the large-gradient superconducting magnet for gravitational biology, has been established ( Fig. 1c) [18,20].…”

Section: Ground-based Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Effects of Microgravity on Bone Cells

et al. 2014

Self Cite

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Life on Earth developed under the influence of normal gravity (1g). With evidence from previous studies, scientists have suggested that normal physiological processes, such as the functional integrity of muscles and bone mass, can be affected by microgravity during spaceflight. During the life span, bone not only develops as a structure designed specifically for mechanical tasks but also adapts for efficiency. The lack of weight-bearing forces makes microgravity an ideal physical stimulus to evaluate bone cell responses. One of the most serious problems induced by long-term weightlessness is bone mineral loss. Results from in vitro studies that entailed the use of bone cells in spaceflights showed modification in cell attachment structures and cytoskeletal reorganization, which may be involved in bone loss. Humans exposed to microgravity conditions experience various physiological changes, including loss of bone mass, muscle deterioration, and immunodeficiency. In vitro models can be used to extract valuable information about changes in mechanical stress to ultimately identify the different pathways of mechanotransduction in bone cells. Despite many in vivo and in vitro studies under both real microgravity and simulated conditions, the mechanism of bone loss is still not well defined. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent research on bone cells under microgravity conditions based on advances in the field.

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Human mesenchymal stem cells are sensitive to abnormal gravity and exhibit classic apoptotic features

Cited by 31 publications

References 49 publications

Barium titanate nanoparticles and hypergravity stimulation improve differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts

Barium titanate nanoparticles and hypergravity stimulation improve differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts

Growing Tissues in Real and Simulated Microgravity: New Methods for Tissue Engineering

Physiological Effects of Microgravity on Bone Cells

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