Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Chimpanzees, United States

Slater, Owen M.; Terio, Karen A.; Zhang, Yange; Erdman, Dean D.; Schneider, Eileen; Kuypers, Jane; Wolinsky, Steven M.; Kunstman, Kevin; Kunstman, Jennifer; Kinsel, Michael J.; Gamble, Kathryn C.

doi:10.3201/eid2012.140408

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Human paramyxoviruses have also been detected during great ape respiratory disease outbreaks in captive settings. In these outbreaks, morbidity and fatality rates reached up to 100 and 10%, respectively, despite treatment (Szentiks et al 2009;Unwin et al 2013;Slater et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Codetection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Habituated Wild Western Lowland Gorillas and Humans During a Respiratory Disease Outbreak

et al. 2016

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Pneumoviruses have been identified as causative agents in several respiratory disease outbreaks in habituated wild great apes. Based on phylogenetic evidence, transmission from humans is likely. However, the pathogens have never been detected in the local human population prior to or at the same time as an outbreak. Here, we report the first simultaneous detection of a human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and in the local human population at a field program in the Central African Republic. A total of 15 gorilla and 15 human fecal samples and 80 human throat swabs were tested for HRSV, human metapneumovirus, and other respiratory viruses. We were able to obtain identical sequences for HRSV A from four gorillas and four humans. In contrast, we did not detect HRSV or any other classic human respiratory virus in gorilla fecal samples in two other outbreaks in the same field program. Enterovirus sequences were detected but the implication of these viruses in the etiology of these outbreaks remains speculative. Our findings of HRSV in wild but human-habituated gorillas underline, once again, the risk of interspecies transmission from humans to endangered great apes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Codetection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Habituated Wild Western Lowland Gorillas and Humans During a Respiratory Disease Outbreak

et al. 2016

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“…A possible transmission hypothesis of the HMPV from avian species was then testified by analyzing the genomic sequences of N, F, and G coding regions and by determining serum antibody levels against the aMPV [ 25 , 26 ]. Zoonotic cases of HMPV infection from humans to great apes were also reported [ 27 – 29 ]. Since then, various studies have assessed the genetic relationships between the HMPV lineages [ 18 , 21 , 30 – 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analysis of Human Metapneumovirus Evolution

et al. 2016

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Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been described as an important etiologic agent of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, especially in young children and the elderly. Most of school-aged children might be introduced to HMPVs, and exacerbation with other viral or bacterial super-infection is common. However, our understanding of the molecular evolution of HMPVs remains limited. To address the comprehensive evolutionary dynamics of HMPVs, we report a genome-wide analysis of the eight genes (N, P, M, F, M2, SH, G, and L) using 103 complete genome sequences. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the eight genes from one HMPV strain grouped into the same genetic group among the five distinct lineages (A1, A2a, A2b, B1, and B2). A few exceptions of phylogenetic incongruence might suggest past recombination events, and we detected possible recombination breakpoints in the F, SH, and G coding regions. The five genetic lineages of HMPVs shared quite remote common ancestors ranging more than 220 to 470 years of age with the most recent origins for the A2b sublineage. Purifying selection was common, but most protein genes except the F and M2-2 coding regions also appeared to experience episodic diversifying selection. Taken together, these suggest that the five lineages of HMPVs maintain their individual evolutionary dynamics and that recombination and selection forces might work on shaping the genetic diversity of HMPVs.

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“…Due to their close genetic relationship, humans and other great apes share susceptibility to a considerable number of pathogens 1 , 2 with the transmission of human respiratory pathogens to captive apes being a well-documented concern 3 – 11 . In this context, it had been long suspected that pathogen transmission from humans might account for disease outbreaks observed in wild great apes habituated to human presence for research and tourism 7 , 12 – 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Human Streptococcus pneumoniae in wild and captive chimpanzees: A potential threat to wild populations

Köndgen

Calvignac‐Spencer

Grützmacher

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Habituation of wild great apes for tourism and research has had a significant positive effect on the conservation of these species. However, risks associated with such activities have been identified, specifically the transmission of human respiratory viruses to wild great apes, causing high morbidity and, occasionally, mortality. Here, we investigate the source of bacterial-viral co-infections in wild and captive chimpanzee communities in the course of several respiratory disease outbreaks. Molecular analyses showed that human respiratory syncytial viruses (HRSV) and human metapneumoviruses (HMPV) were involved in the etiology of the disease. In addition our analysis provide evidence for coinfection with Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae. Characterisation of isolates from wild chimpanzees point towards a human origin of these bacteria. Transmission of these bacteria is of concern because – in contrast to HRSV and HMPV - S. pneumoniae can become part of the nasopharyngeal flora, contributing to the severity of respiratory disease progression. Furthermore these bacteria have the potential to spread to other individuals in the community and ultimately into the population. Targeted vaccination programs could be used to vaccinate habituated great apes but also human populations around great ape habitats, bringing health benefits to both humans and wild great apes.

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Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Chimpanzees, United States

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Codetection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Habituated Wild Western Lowland Gorillas and Humans During a Respiratory Disease Outbreak

Codetection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Habituated Wild Western Lowland Gorillas and Humans During a Respiratory Disease Outbreak

Genome-Wide Analysis of Human Metapneumovirus Evolution

Evidence for Human Streptococcus pneumoniae in wild and captive chimpanzees: A potential threat to wild populations

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