Human microbiome: an academic update on human body site specific surveillance and its possible role

Abstract

Human body is inhabited by vast number of microorganisms which form a complex ecological community and influence the human physiology, in the aspect of both health and diseases. These microbes show a relationship with the human immune system based on coevolution and, therefore, have a tremendous potential to contribute to the metabolic function, protection against the pathogen and in providing nutrients and energy. However, of these microbes, many carry out some functions that play a crucial role in the host physiology and may even cause diseases. The introduction of new molecular technologies such as transcriptomics, metagenomics and metabolomics has contributed to the upliftment on the findings of the microbiome linked to the humans in the recent past. These rapidly developing technologies are boosting our capacity to understand about the human body-associated microbiome and its association with the human health. The highlights of this review are inclusion of how to derive microbiome data and the interaction between human and associated microbiome to provide an insight on the role played by the microbiome in biological processes of the human body as well as the development of major human diseases.

Microbiota‐Host Immunity Communication in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Bioengineering Challenges for In Vitro Modeling

“…More than 100 trillion bacteria inhabit different districts of the human body: gut, mouth, skin, respiratory and urogenital tracts. [ 1 ] These microorganisms as a whole are called microbiota. Bacterial composition and abundance are critical for the environmental homeostasis and an imbalance (dysbiosis) of the microbiota equilibrium has a determinant role in human health.…”

Characteristics of the Factory Staff Microbiota Specializing on the Production of Meat and Eggs

“…Its formation has historically accompanied the evolution of the species Homo Sapiens. Human biotopes such as skin, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and respiratory systems become dysfunctional and sensitive to environmental threats without "beneficial contamination" [4]. The main objective of body microbiome's modern studies is to analyze, synthesize and use an accumulated data on its interaction with human homeostasis, to clarify the role that the microbiome plays in the biological processes of the human body, in the development of basic human diseases etc.…”

May nutrients and dietary supplements influence the gut-lung microbiota axis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exacerbations?

“…The microbiota present in the respiratory tract acts as a doorkeeper to respiratory health by providing resistance to colonization by the potential pathogens of the respiratory system [47]. The respiratory microbiota is also associated with maturation and maintenance of lung physiology and immunity [48].…”