Human Microbiome and its Association With Health and Diseases

Althani, Asmaa; Marei, Hany E.; Hamdi, Wedad S; Nasrallah, Gheyath K.; Zowalaty, Mohamed E. El; Khodor, Souhaila Al; Al-Asmakh, Maha; Aziz, Hassan A.; Cenciarelli, Carlo

doi:10.1002/jcp.25284

Cited by 104 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Knowledge that bacteria, as well as other microorganisms, live in symbiotic and (in some cases) pathogenic relationships with humans has been known since the times of Leeuwenhoek, and many normal host functions require the presence of gut microbiota. The development and implementation of germ free mice into a variety of immunological assays, along with studies showing diet and antibiotic usage alter the composition of the gut microbiome, have cemented the concept of commensal bacteria playing a vital role in shaping the immune response to infectious pathogens and tumors (29-31). The data presented herein add to this growing body of research, with the important addition that we included an analysis of CD4 T cells specific for the immunodominant epitope within the SFBNYU_003340 Ag of the segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) C. arthromitus (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbial Membership Modulates CD4 T Cell Reconstitution and Function after Sepsis

Cabrera-Pérez

Babcock

Dileepan

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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Transient lymphopenia is one hallmark of sepsis, and emergent data indicates the CD4 T cell compartment in sepsis survivors is numerically and functionally altered (when examined at the Ag-specific level) compared to non-septic controls. Previous data from our laboratory demonstrated Ag-independent, lymphopenia-induced homeostatic proliferation to be a contributing mechanism by which CD4 T cells numerically recover in sepsis survivors. However, we reasoned it is also formally possible that some CD4 T cells respond directly to Ag expressed by gut resident microbes released during polymicrobial sepsis. The effect of gut microbiome leakage on CD4 T cells is currently unknown. In this study, we explored the number and function of endogenous CD4 T cells specific for segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB) after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis using mice that either contained or lacked SFB as a normal gut resident microbe. Interestingly, SFB-specific CD4 T cells underwent Ag-driven proliferation in CLP-treated SFB+, but not in SFB−, mice. Moreover, CLP-treated SFB+ mice showed resistance to secondary lethal infection with recombinant SFB Ag-expressing virulent Listeria (but not wildtype virulent Listeria) suggesting the CLP-induced polymicrobial sepsis primed for a protective response by the SFB-specific CD4 T cells. Thus, our data demonstrate that the numerical recovery and functional responsiveness of Ag-specific CD4 T cells in sepsis survivors is, in part, modulated by the intestinal barrier’s “health” discreetly defined by individual bacterial populations of the host’s microbiome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbial Membership Modulates CD4 T Cell Reconstitution and Function after Sepsis

Cabrera-Pérez

Babcock

Dileepan

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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“…1) Focusing on the interactions between bacteria and fungi, we found that Staphylococcus aureus adhered to the cells of Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen, inducing its death. Triosephosphate isomerase, a glycolytic enzyme, on the cell surface of S. aureus and mannose residues in the capsule surrounding C. neoformans were identified as the adhesion molecules.…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth Inhibition of an Opportunistic Yeast Pathogen <i>Trichosporon asahii</i> by <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>

Ikeda

Ogasawara

Takatori

et al. 2017

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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In the co-culture of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Trichosporon asahii, a fungal pathogen, it was observed that live S. epidermidis inhibited the growth of T. asahii. Soluble active anti-T. asahii substances were speculated to be produced by S. epidermidis in culture medium. Using 1 H-and 13 C-NMR spectra and electron ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-negative-FAB-MS), we separated the active molecule and identified it as lactic acid. Commercially available L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid inhibited the growth of T. asahii. These results show that metabolites from bacterial populations are involved in the interactions of pathogenic fungi. The use of antibacterial agents to treat primary diseases could lead to the disruption of normal microbial communities and could cause opportunistic infections such as trichosporonosis.

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“…A symbiotic relationship between host metabolism and gut microbiome and its role in metabolic health and diseases is well documented [84]. The gut microbiota contributes to host metabolism through dynamic changes in metabolites, nutrients, and vitamins and contributes to maintenance of normal energy homeostasis [85].…”

Section: Microbiome and Browningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Browning Agents, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potentials of Brown Adipose Tissue

Wankhade

Shen

Yadav

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Nonshivering thermogenesis is the process of biological heat production in mammals and is primarily mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT). Through ubiquitous expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) on the mitochondrial inner membrane, BAT displays uncoupling of fuel combustion and ATP production in order to dissipate energy as heat. Because of its crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis, ongoing exploration of BAT has emphasized its therapeutic potential in addressing the global epidemics of obesity and diabetes. The recent appreciation that adult humans possess functional BAT strengthens this prospect. Furthermore, it has been identified that there are both classical brown adipocytes residing in dedicated BAT depots and “beige” adipocytes residing in white adipose tissue depots that can acquire BAT-like characteristics in response to environmental cues. This review aims to provide a brief overview of BAT research and summarize recent findings concerning the physiological, cellular, and developmental characteristics of brown adipocytes. In addition, some key genetic, molecular, and pharmacologic targets of BAT/Beige cells that have been reported to have therapeutic potential to combat obesity will be discussed.

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Human Microbiome and its Association With Health and Diseases

Cited by 104 publications

References 102 publications

Gut Microbial Membership Modulates CD4 T Cell Reconstitution and Function after Sepsis

Gut Microbial Membership Modulates CD4 T Cell Reconstitution and Function after Sepsis

Growth Inhibition of an Opportunistic Yeast Pathogen <i>Trichosporon asahii</i> by <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>

Novel Browning Agents, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potentials of Brown Adipose Tissue

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