Human Migration in the Era of Climate Change

Cattaneo, Cristina; Beine, Michel; Fröhlich, Christiane; Kniveton, Dominic; Martínez‐Zarzoso, Inmaculada; Mastrorillo, Marina; Millock, Katrin; Piguet, Étienne; Schraven, Benjamin

doi:10.1093/reep/rez008

Cited by 300 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Crop production and water resources, which are closely related to human living conditions, were selected as environmental change factors. Some related studies showed that short-term environmental shocks have different effects than long-term processes, typically resulting in temporary and short-distance population movements [58]. In some poor countries, because people lack sufficient resources for supporting migration, displaced people often have to return to their hometowns, and some people remain stationary [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some poor countries, because people lack sufficient resources for supporting migration, displaced people often have to return to their hometowns, and some people remain stationary [59]. Migration due to short-term environmental shocks is difficult to predict and observe [58]. In this paper, short-term environmental shocks, as measured by consecutive years below median crop yield (ConsecLowYield) and consecutive years below median water flow (ConsecLowFlow), were not found to be correlated with population redistribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there was no consistent significant correlation between water flow deviation and population redistribution. Long-term environmental changes tended to result either in migration, which is generally perceived as being voluntary and predominantly economically motivated, or in immobility [58]. Reduced crop production means the deterioration of livelihoods for people, especially farmers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The notion of "trapped" populations was used to describe those who are not able to migrate even if they wish to do so. Immobility may be a forced choice [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Environmental Change (Crops and Water) on Population Redistribution in Mexico and Ethiopia

et al. 2019

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This paper discusses the effects of long-term environmental change (represented by the abundance or scarcity relative to the long-term average level of crop yield/river flow) and short-term environmental shock (represented by the maximum number of consecutive years below the median crop yield/river flow per decade) on population redistribution in Mexico and Ethiopia. Crop production and water resources, which are affected by climate change and influence human survival and activities, were selected as research variables. Two developing countries, namely, Mexico and Ethiopia, were selected as comparison cases. The results showed that short-term environmental shocks had no correlation with population redistribution. Short-term environmental shocks might fail to influence migration decisions or cause only temporary displacements that cannot be detected by demographic statistics. Among the long-term environmental change factors, only crop yield deviation was found to have a significant positive correlation with population redistribution. Based on two different datasets and two different decades, crop yield deviation is positively correlated with population redistribution; the correlation coefficients between crop yield deviation and population redistribution were 0.134 to 0.162 in Mexico and 0.102 to 0.235 in Ethiopia. When urbanization was considered as the control variable, the correlation coefficient between crop yield deviation and population redistribution in Mexico dropped by half, while it was almost the same in Ethiopia. However, Ethiopia's population redistribution was more clearly influenced by the population itself. Crop yield deviation relative to water flow deviation meant changes in livelihoods. Population redistribution is a possible means of adapting to changes in livelihood. Mexico exhibited high resilience to changes in livelihoods caused by long-term environmental change, especially in its densely populated areas. In contrast, Ethiopia was characterized mainly by high population growth and low population migration. People in some areas of Ethiopia were forced to endure hardship of livelihood deterioration or to stay where they were due to the difficulty of obtaining sufficient resources to afford the cost of migration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The notion of "trapped" populations was used to describe those who are not able to migrate even if they wish to do so. Immobility may be a forced choice [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Environmental Change (Crops and Water) on Population Redistribution in Mexico and Ethiopia

et al. 2019

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“…More frequent extreme weather events such as hurricanes, superstorms or typhoons will damage infrastructures in human settlements [16]. Climate Change is a factor which aggravates many social problems and will produce large migration flows in the following years [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement on Social Representation of Climate Change through a Knowledge-Based MOOC in Spanish

et al. 2019

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Climate Change is the most important threat to our society and all species on Earth. Large alterations in the climate are affecting every aspect of our society and in order to limit this impact we must decarbonize the economy before 2050. Although science presents solid evidence on the magnitude of the problem and outlines precisely the consequences, people do not act accordingly and do not consider this issue a priority for their survival. The reason behind this paradox might be a non-appropriate Social Representation of Climate Change in society as the Social Representation conditions and forms the response of the society. In this paper, we extend previous investigations of how this Social Representation is formed in order to find ways to improve it through a Massive Online Open Course on the Science of Climate Change. Using a validated questionnaire, we investigated the knowledge dimension of the Social Representation of Climate Change in a group of students of a MOOC on Climate Change. A pre- and posttest revealed general improvements in all the categories that were considered in this study. A detailed analysis showed different degrees of improvement for different groups, providing new insights in the efficiency of knowledge-based online courses. Well designed Massive Online Open Courses, based on scientific evidence, targeted to the general public might improve the Social Representation of Climate Change, which may in turn trigger awareness and an effective mobilization to address this important and urgent topic.

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Migration, Environmental and Climate Change

BORDERON

2024

Global Settlement Dynamics

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Human Migration in the Era of Climate Change

Cited by 300 publications

References 86 publications

The Influence of Environmental Change (Crops and Water) on Population Redistribution in Mexico and Ethiopia

The Influence of Environmental Change (Crops and Water) on Population Redistribution in Mexico and Ethiopia

Improvement on Social Representation of Climate Change through a Knowledge-Based MOOC in Spanish

Migration, Environmental and Climate Change

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