2017
DOI: 10.3390/nu9080894
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Human Milk and Allergic Diseases: An Unsolved Puzzle

Abstract: There is conflicting evidence on the protective role of breastfeeding in relation to the development of allergic sensitisation and allergic disease. Studies vary in methodology and definition of outcomes, which lead to considerable heterogeneity. Human milk composition varies both within and between individuals, which may partially explain conflicting data. It is known that human milk composition is very complex and contains variable levels of immune active molecules, oligosaccharides, metabolites, vitamins an… Show more

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Cited by 106 publications
(135 citation statements)
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References 359 publications
(414 reference statements)
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“…10,[28][29][30] In addition to m-sCD14, several other breast milk components have been implicated as possible targets for further research including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, 23,31 interleukin (IL)-10, 31 erythropoietin, lactoferrin, certain fatty acids and inflammation-related hormones such as leptin. 33 Therefore, gene loci associated with atopy or specifically atopic dermatitis may also serve as additional targets for study. 33 Therefore, gene loci associated with atopy or specifically atopic dermatitis may also serve as additional targets for study.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10,[28][29][30] In addition to m-sCD14, several other breast milk components have been implicated as possible targets for further research including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, 23,31 interleukin (IL)-10, 31 erythropoietin, lactoferrin, certain fatty acids and inflammation-related hormones such as leptin. 33 Therefore, gene loci associated with atopy or specifically atopic dermatitis may also serve as additional targets for study. 33 Therefore, gene loci associated with atopy or specifically atopic dermatitis may also serve as additional targets for study.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, the supplementation of the maternal diet with probiotics ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis ) was shown to reduce the risk of eczema in breastfed infants (Rautava, Kainonen, Salminen, & Isolauri, ). These results suggest that modulating the maternal diet might have therapeutic potential for breast milk to offer secondary prevention towards allergic disorders during childhood (Daniel Munblit et al., ). Current guidelines orient practitioners and pregnant women to maintain a healthy intake of micro‐ and macronutrients in order to protect mother and developing fetus (Kominiarek & Rajan, ).…”
Section: Pre‐ and Postnatal Events Involved In Intestinal Barrier Matmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Inflammation may be viewed as a byproduct of the metabolic activity of gut microbiota from evidence that SCFAs are altered in overweight or atopic children [38]. …”
Section: Fats In Infant Formulae Intended For Medical Condition (Amentioning
confidence: 99%