Human Milk Antibodies after BNT162b2 Vaccination Exhibit Reduced Binding against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern

Low, Jia Ming; Gu, Yue; Ng, Melissa; Wang, Liang Wei; Amin, Zubair; Zhong, Youjia; MacAry, Paul A.

doi:10.3390/vaccines10020225

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Here, we demonstrated that the primary series of maternal mRNA vaccination elicited broad IgG and IgA antibodies that bound to all four variant strains included in this analysis (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma) in both serum and breast milk. Low et al similarly reported breast milk IgA antibodies against RBDs across these four variants of concern, though with significant reductions for Beta, Delta, and Gamma [28]. Though our study and others have noted significant variances in the response to some variants of concern, these results indicate that maternal vaccination with a primary mRNA series generally elicits cross-reactive antibodies to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants that are secreted into the breast milk and passively transferred to the infant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Profiles in Maternal Serum and Breast Milk Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Hsiao,

DiMaggio,

Perez

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy protects infants against symptomatic COVID-19. Vaccination of lactating mothers may offer additional protection, but our understanding of immune responses in breast milk is limited. We, therefore, performed a single-center prospective cohort study of lactating mothers who received a COVID-19 mRNA primary vaccine series to evaluate the durability, breadth, and neutralizing capacity of the antibody responses in breast milk. Spike IgG- and IgA-binding antibodies of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in serum and breast milk were quantified over 9 months using Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) V-PLEX assays, and ancestral titers were compared to four variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma) at a single time point. Neutralizing antibodies against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.4/5 were compared before and after vaccination using a pseudovirus-neutralization assay. Eleven lactating mothers received either Pfizer BNT162b2 (7/11) or Moderna mRNA-1273 (4/11) vaccine primary series. IgG and IgA titers increased in serum and breast milk following each dose, peaking 1–4 weeks after series completion. Titers remained significantly elevated for 7–9 months, except for in breast milk IgA which returned to baseline within 1 month. Furthermore, binding antibodies against all included variants were detected in breast milk collected 1–3 weeks after series completion. However, while vaccination induced a strong neutralizing response against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in serum and more modest response in breast milk, it did not induce neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.4/5 in either specimen type. This study demonstrates that maternal COVID-19 mRNA vaccination may enhance immune protection for infants through breast milk via increased IgG- and IgA-binding-and-neutralizing antibodies; although, variant-specific boosters may be required to optimize immune protection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Profiles in Maternal Serum and Breast Milk Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Hsiao,

DiMaggio,

Perez

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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“…In other relevant studies, no significant difference in IgG titers was observed between 30 and 60 days post vaccination [57,80]. Even IgG levels wane over time, but remain in detectable levels 2 [57], 3 [38,53,72] and 6 months post vaccination [49,73]. Contrarily with total IgG levels, secretory IgG antibodies continuously increase even 6 months after the first dose of mRNA vaccines [54].…”

Section: Anti-sars-cov-2 Igg Immunoglobulinsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulins in Human Milk after Coronavirus Disease or Vaccination—Time Frame and Duration of Detection in Human Milk and Factors That Affect Their Titers: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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Human milk (HM) of mothers infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 contains specific immunoglobulins, which may protect their offspring against infection or severe disease. The time frame and duration after infection or vaccination, during which these immunoglobulins are detected in HM, as well as the major factors that influence their levels, have not been fully elucidated. This systematic review aimed to collect the existing literature and describe the immune response, specifically regarding the immunoglobulins in HM after COVID-19 disease or vaccination in non-immune women. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies published up until 19 March 2023. In total, 975 articles were screened, and out of which 75 were identified as being relevant and were finally included in this review. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily induces an IgA immune response in HM, while vaccination predominantly elevates IgG levels. These immunoglobulins give HM a neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the importance of breastfeeding during the pandemic. The mode of immune acquisition (infection or vaccination) and immunoglobulin levels in maternal serum are factors that seem to influence immunoglobulin levels in HM. Further studies are required to determine the impact of other factors, such as infection severity, lactation period, parity, maternal age and BMI on immunoglobulin level in HM.

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“…Vaccination of pregnant women against COVID-19 is also beneficial for their children, as it reduces the risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 before 6 months of age and the severity of the disease [20]. Regarding vaccination during breastfeeding, the breast milk of vaccinated individuals has been shown to contain antibodies and T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2, which may contribute to the development of the breastfed child's immune system [21,22].…”

Section: а к т у а л ь н і т е м иmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of perinatal medical care at the ambulatory level in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic

Kaminskiy,

Zhdanovych,

Savchuk

et al. 2024

RHW

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It is important to determine mothers’ perceptions of health care services during the pandemic to ensure equity in the provision of such services in the future.The objective: to determine the determinants of pregnant women’s perception of perinatal care services during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methods. An original sociological study was conducted to assess the state of perinatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic using a questionnaire. 110 questionnaires were included in the analysis. Group 1 included 45 female respondents were sick with COVID-19 during pregnancy, group 2 – 65 women were not sick with COVID-19 during pregnancy. All questionnaires were analysed both in the general sample and in the section of COVID-19 during pregnancy.Results. Certain shortcomings in the provision of perinatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic at the ambulatory level were identified. Insufficient vaccination coverage of pregnant women (65.5% of respondents were vaccinated during pregnancy). 87.3% of patients considered insufficient information about vaccination of pregnant women. A negative attitude towards vaccination during pregnancy was expressed by 30.0% of respondents. 65.4% of respondents considered insufficient availability of perinatal care in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Remote counseling was received by less than half of patients (41.8%), and mainly those who were sick with COVID-19 (62.2%). A negative attitude towards remote counseling was expressed by 49.1% of women. More than half (56.4%) of the respondents considered the provided information about COVID-19, treatment and prevention to be insufficient. Only 9.1% of patients received full psychological support. Half of the patients were not satisfied with the qualifications of the medical staff, and 59.1% were not satisfied with the staff’s attitude. More than half (55.4%) of patients were not satisfied with the care provided at the outpatient stage in general, especially those who did not suffer from COVID-19, which may be due to a shift in the focus of attention on infected pregnant women.Conclusions. The following positions can be recommended to improve perinatal care: expansion of information provision of the population, in particular with the involvement of mass media; conducting explanatory work with patients on prevention, vaccination, treatment, possible complications during pregnancy; provision of remote counseling in possible cases; psychological support of the pregnant woman and her family at all stages of perinatal care.

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Human Milk Antibodies after BNT162b2 Vaccination Exhibit Reduced Binding against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Profiles in Maternal Serum and Breast Milk Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Prospective Observational Cohort Study

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Profiles in Maternal Serum and Breast Milk Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulins in Human Milk after Coronavirus Disease or Vaccination—Time Frame and Duration of Detection in Human Milk and Factors That Affect Their Titers: A Systematic Review

Determinants of perinatal medical care at the ambulatory level in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic

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