Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Allergic and Non-Allergic Mothers: The Ulm SPATZ Health Study

Siziba, Linda P.; Lorenz, Leonie; Stahl, Bernd; Mank, Marko; Marosvölgyi, Tamás; Décsi, Támas; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Genuneit, Jon

doi:10.3390/nu12061740

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…While several infant-related factors (i.e., birth weight, gestational age, and infant age) are known to affect nutritive and non-nutritive components of breast milk, there is limited or conflicting evidence regarding the possible role of maternal factors (i.e., maternal lifestyle, obstetric history, and medical conditions), except for mother’s diet that significantly influences milk composition. For example, at present there is inconsistent evidence that maternal atopy/allergy may affect breast milk composition of interleukins, growth factors, pro-inflammatory markers, cytokines, and fatty acids [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. However, it has been reported that human milk growth factors and cytokines levels varied between populations for unknown reasons, and breast milk mediator levels declined at different rates postpartum, suggesting specific biological roles for human milk growth factors and cytokines in early postnatal development [ 30 ].…”

Section: Breastfeeding and Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exclusive Breastfeeding and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Positive Synergistic Effect on Prevention of Childhood Infections?

Domenici¹,

Vierucci²

2022

IJERPH

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Human milk is the best food for infants. Breastfeeding has been associated with a reduced risk of viral and bacterial infections. Breast milk contains the perfect amount of nutrients needed to promote infant growth, except for vitamin D. Vitamin D is crucial for calcium metabolism and bone health, and it also has extra-skeletal actions, involving innate and adaptive immunity. As exclusive breastfeeding is a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency, infants should be supplemented with vitamin D at least during the first year. The promotion of breastfeeding and vitamin D supplementation represents an important objective of public health.

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Section: Breastfeeding and Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exclusive Breastfeeding and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Positive Synergistic Effect on Prevention of Childhood Infections?

Domenici¹,

Vierucci²

2022

IJERPH

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“…Fatty acids are classified by their carbon (C) chain length and degree of desaturation, each of which differs content in living cells or milk [7,8]. Long-chain (LC) fatty acids refer to fatty acids with a chain length of 11/12-20 carbons and are precursors of various lipids that participate in various physiological processes, e.g., cellular metabolism, energy homeostasis, and cell proliferation [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Uptake, Metabolism and Sensing of Long-Chain Fatty Acids

He¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Fatty acids (FAs) are critical nutrients that regulate an organism's health and development in mammal. Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) can be divided into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, depending on whether the carbon chain contains at least 1 double bond. The fatty acids that are required for humans and animals are obtained primarily from dietary sources, and LCFAs are absorbed from outside of cells in mammals. LCFAs enter cells through several mechanisms, including passive diffusion and protein-mediated translocation across the plasma membrane, the latter in which FA translocase (FAT/CD36), plasma membrane FA-binding protein (FABPpm), FA transport protein (FATP), and caveolin-1 are believed to have important functions. The LCFAs that are taken up by cells bind to FA-binding proteins (FABPs) and are transported to the specific organelles, where they are activated into acyl-CoA to target specific metabolic pathways. LCFA-CoAs can be esterified to phospholipids, triacylglycerol, cholesteryl ester, and other specialized lipids. Non-esterified free fatty acids are preferentially stored as triacylglycerol molecules. The main pathway by which fatty acids are catabolized is β-oxidation, which occurs in mitochondria and peroxisomes. stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-dependent and Fatty acid desaturases (FADS)-dependent fatty acid desaturation pathways coexist in cells and provide metabolic plasticity. The process of fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction. Extracellular LCFA can be mediated by membrane protein G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) or G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) to activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, and intracellular LCFA's sensor remains to be determined. The crystal structures of a phosphatidic acid phosphatase and a membrane-bound fatty acid elongase-condensing enzyme and other LCFA-related proteins provide important insights into the mechanism of utilization, increasing our understanding of the cellular uptake, metabolism and sensing of LCFAs.

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“…Research from Germany [ 6 , 7 ], Italy [ 8 , 9 ], China [ 10 ], New Zealand [ 11 , 12 ], Iceland [ 13 ], India [ 14 ], and Spain [ 15 ] has revealed that HM composition varies depending on maternal food consumption habits, in addition to the maternal gestational age, lactation period, genetics, and life-style [ 16 , 17 ]. Moreover, maternal diet may play a role in shaping the infant gut microbial colonization by modulating the HM composition [ 15 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Insecurity and Maternal Diet Influence Human Milk Composition between the Infant’s Birth and 6 Months after Birth in Central-Africa

et al. 2022

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Although the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF recommend that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life, evidence is scarce on how the mother’s undernourishment status at delivery and maternal dietary factors influence human milk (HM) composition during the first 6 months of life in regions with high food insecurity. The maternal undernourishment status at delivery, maternal diet, and HM nutrients were assessed among 46 women and their 48 vaginally born infants in Bangui at 1, 4, 11, 18, and 25 weeks after birth through 24-h recalls and food consumption questionnaires from December 2017 to June 2019 in the context of the "Mother-to-Infant TransmIssion of microbiota in Central-Africa" (MITICA) study. High food insecurity indexes during the follow-up were significantly associated with them having lower levels of many of the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) that were measured and with lower levels of retinol (aß-coef = −0.2, p value = 0.04), fatty acids (aß-coef = −7.2, p value = 0.03), and amino acids (aß-coef = −2121.0, p value < 0.001). On the contrary, women from food-insecure households displayed significantly higher levels of lactose in their HM (aß-coef = 3.3, p value = 0.02). In parallel, the consumption of meat, poultry, and fish was associated with higher HM levels of many of the HMOs that were measured, total amino acids (aß-coef = 5484.4, p value < 0.001), and with lower HM levels of lactose (aß-coef = −15.6, p value = 0.01). Food insecurity and maternal diet had a meaningful effect on HM composition with a possible impact being an infant undernourishment risk. Our results plead for consistent actions on food security as an effective manner to influence the nutritional content of HM and thereby, potentially improve infant survival and healthy growth.

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Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Allergic and Non-Allergic Mothers: The Ulm SPATZ Health Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Exclusive Breastfeeding and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Positive Synergistic Effect on Prevention of Childhood Infections?

Exclusive Breastfeeding and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Positive Synergistic Effect on Prevention of Childhood Infections?

Cellular Uptake, Metabolism and Sensing of Long-Chain Fatty Acids

Food Insecurity and Maternal Diet Influence Human Milk Composition between the Infant’s Birth and 6 Months after Birth in Central-Africa

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