Human milk oligosaccharides, milk microbiome and infant gut microbiome modulate neonatal rotavirus infection

Abstract

Neonatal rotavirus infections are predominantly asymptomatic. While an association with gastrointestinal symptoms has been described in some settings, factors influencing differences in clinical presentation are not well understood. Using multidisciplinary approaches, we show that a complex interplay between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), milk microbiome, and infant gut microbiome impacts neonatal rotavirus infections. Validating in vitro studies where HMOs are not decoy receptors for neonatal strain G10P[11], population studies show significantly higher levels of Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), 2’-fucosyllactose (2’FL), and 6’-siallylactose (6’SL) in milk from mothers of rotavirus-positive neonates with gastrointestinal symptoms. Further, these HMOs correlate with abundance of Enterobacter/Klebsiella in maternal milk and infant stool. Specific HMOs also improve the infectivity of a neonatal strain-derived rotavirus vaccine. This study provides molecular and translational insight into host factors influencing neonatal rotavirus infections and identifies maternal components that could promote the performance of live, attenuated rotavirus vaccines.

Small intestinal microbiota composition and the prognosis of infants with ileostomy resulting from distinct primary diseases

“…Excessive Klebsiella and Escherichia-Shigella, and low abundance of Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Faecalibacterium, indicated that the small intestinal microbiota of our donors was in an unhealthy state. It has been reported that the relative abundance of Enterobacter or Klebsiella is significantly higher in breast milk of mothers of infants infected with rotavirus as well as in the intestine of the infected neonates, whereas the abundance of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus was significantly lower [24]. Our data identify a correlation between the presence of Klebsiella/Enterobacter and neonatal gastrointestinal disease, as well as a potential protective effect of Staphylococcus or Streptococcus.…”

Small intestinal microbiota composition and the prognosis of infants with ileostomy resulting from distinct primary diseases

“…Excessive Klebsiella and Escherichia-Shigella, and low abundance of Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Faecalibacterium, indicated that the small intestinal microbiota of our donors was in an unhealthy state. It has been reported that the relative abundance of Enterobacter or Klebsiella is significantly higher in breast milk of mothers of infants infected with rotavirus as well as in the intestine of the infected neonates, whereas the abundance of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus was significantly lower [24]. Our data suggests a correlation between the presence of Klebsiella/Enterobacter and neonatal gastrointestinal disease, as well as a potential protective effect of Staphylococcus or…”

Altered N‐glycosylation profiles as potential biomarkers and drug targets in diabetes

“…Lately, the human milk glycans, comprising both free oligosaccharides (HMOs) and those conjugated to proteins, have started attracting research attention . It has been demonstrated that human milk glycoproteins are protective against infective diseases through antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities .…”