Human Monkeypox Transmitted by a Chimpanzee in a Tropical Rain-Forest Area of Zaire

Mutombo, M

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)92027-5

Cited by 68 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…However, in that study, the likely route of infection from the primary animal source was not specified and, in fact, may have encompassed both direct and indirect routes. Only a single account of an animal bite associated with a human MPXV infection has been reported in Africa; it involved an infant in the Democratic Republic of the Congo who received a bite on the left foot from a chimpanzee [11]. The child, who ultimately survived, experienced fever 6 days after the bite (suggesting a short incubation period) and developed a wound lesion along with pronounced inguinal lymph node swelling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Person-to-person spread of both viruses is thought to occur principally via infectious oropharyngeal exudates generated during the rash phase of illness or possibly during the preceding 2-3-day period of febrile prodrome [1,3,4]. Alternatively, like vaccinia virus and cowpox virus, MPXV can infect a broad range of mammalian animal species [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and can be transmitted to humans by means of direct contact with infected animals, often by means of traumatic injury to the skin (or, for vaccinia virus, by means of inoculation). Rare instances of human-to-human spread of vaccinia virus and cowpox virus are attributed to percutaneous or mucocutaneous infections [15][16][17][18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Manifestations of Human Monkeypox Influenced by Route of Infection

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations of Human Monkeypox Influenced by Route of Infection

et al. 2006

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“…A fatal case of B virus infection following mucocutaneous exposure was reported (35). Other reports of bite-related primate-borne viral infections in humans have included simian foamy virus (especially from ape bites) and monkeypox virus infections (26,163,200).…”

Section: Rare Infectious Diseases In Humans Acquired From Cats and Domentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology of Animal Bite Wound Infections

2011

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SUMMARY The microbiology of animal bite wound infections in humans is often polymicrobial, with a broad mixture of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Bacteria recovered from infected bite wounds are most often reflective of the oral flora of the biting animal, which can also be influenced by the microbiome of their ingested prey and other foods. Bacteria may also originate from the victim's own skin or the physical environment at the time of injury. Our review has focused on bite wound infections in humans from dogs, cats, and a variety of other animals such as monkeys, bears, pigs, ferrets, horses, sheep, Tasmanian devils, snakes, Komodo dragons, monitor lizards, iguanas, alligators/crocodiles, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, prairie dogs, swans, and sharks. The medical literature in this area has been made up mostly of small case series or case reports. Very few studies have been systematic and are often limited to dog or cat bite injuries. Limitations of studies include a lack of established or inconsistent criteria for an infected wound and a failure to utilize optimal techniques in pathogen isolation, especially for anaerobic organisms. There is also a lack of an understanding of the pathogenic significance of all cultured organisms. Gathering information and conducting research in a more systematic and methodical fashion through an organized research network, including zoos, veterinary practices, and rural clinics and hospitals, are needed to better define the microbiology of animal bite wound infections in humans.

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“…In the reported epizootics of monkeypox, transmission was thought to have occurred via aerosols, although the disease may more commonly be spread by direct contact and by biting insects (Mutombo et al, 1983). Viremia develops 3e4 days following experimental infection, at which time the virus disseminates to multiple sites, including skin, lung, mucous membranes, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract (Zaucha et al, 2001).…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%