Human operator dynamics in manual tracking systems with auditory input

Takashima, Masanori; Yoshizawa, Shuji; Nagumo, J.

doi:10.1007/bf00355454

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, Hill (1970) compared the performance of subjects when tracking visual and tactile displays and, in contrast to earlier results (Seeley and Bliss 1966), found that the error variance was 40% lower when visual displays were used, and that longer time delays were associated with tactile inputs. Auditory (Mirchandani 1972;Takashima et al 1980) and kinesthetic inputs (Neilson 1972) have also been used to determine the response characteristics of the human operator in tracking situations. It appears that the more successful non-visual tracking systems have relied on compensatory rather than pursuit tracking, presumably because the limits of discrimination make it difficult in some sensory modalities to follow both the target and current response simultaneously (Hammerton 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the mechanical properties of a manipulandum on human operator dynamics

Jones

Hunter

1990

Biol. Cybern.

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An active servo-system was used to change the stiffness of a manipulandum used in a position-control pursuit-tracking task. The elastic stiffness of the manipulandum connected to the forearm was set by a computer at one of five levels ranging from 0 N/m to 2000 N/m. Subjects were required to track, either by moving their forearm or by generating a force isometrically, a visually presented target whose position changed randomly every second for 100 s. Nonparametric and parametric impulse response functions were calculated between the input (target) and output (force or position) in each tracking condition, and revealed that for all subjects force control was faster than position control when the stiffness of the manipulandum was set at 0 N/m. Subjects were also consistently faster in reaching the target when the stiffness was greater than zero, and were more accurate (steady-state response) when the stiffness of the manipulandum was set at lower rather than higher amplitudes. The parametric impulse response functions revealed that the human operator system was underdamped (0.7) with a natural frequency of approximately 8 rad/s. These findings were interpreted in terms of the responses of the various subsystems (visual, cognitive, contractile, limb mechanics) that comprise the human operator's response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the mechanical properties of a manipulandum on human operator dynamics

Jones

Hunter

1990

Biol. Cybern.

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“…The slalom maneuver is one of the tasks defined as an element often used for assessing the handling qualities of aircraft [ADS-33D-PRF (ADS 1996)]. The tracking task is a maneuver convenient for later evaluation (Gittleman et al 1992;Ito and Ito 1975;Takashima et al 1980). The slalom parameters were adopted to the maneuverability of the particular UAV, so the task completion was possible with the set criteria (Freeman et al 2000;Kopyt et al 2017).…”

Section: Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Pilot Interaction with the Control Adapting System for UAV

Kopyt

Żugaj

2020

J. Aerosp. Eng.

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The control surfaces failures significantly reduce the maneuverability of the aircraft. The problem may appear in every flying platform, and its consequences can lead to a serious accident. To counteract the aircraft's lower maneuverability, the adaptive system could be added. That is why, a reconfiguration of unmanned aircraft flight control system was a subject of research project. The developed system uses the other control surfaces and engine to take over scope of stuck control surface. One of the system validation test involved human operators to recognize their reactions while the system is active. The test was performed with the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight simulator with implemented reconfiguration algorithm. The paper presents the results of an experiment during which the various configuration and failures were tested. A group of UAVoperators repeated a simple maneuver task-slalom, under different failure settings. To assess the system and operators' workload during the test, a subjective assessment was done. The Cooper-Harper, Bedford scales, and overall workload questionnaires were used. To get a full spectrum of the operators' responses to the reconfiguration system, the objective evaluation was also done. The UAV flight parameters (velocities, accelerations, and position) were registered automatically during the flight tests. Based on those data, the quality index of each flight was generated, providing the objective flight performance assessment.

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“…Information about the human operator's performance when controlling a robot or simulated "vehicle" is usually presented visually (McRuer 1980), although tactile (Hill 1970;Schmid and Bekey 1978), auditory (Mirchandani 1972;Takashima et al 1980) and kinaesthetic (Jagacinski et al 1979(Jagacinski et al , 1983) displays have also been used to convey error information to the operator. Visual and tactile error signals result in similar performance if the signal fed back to the operator consists of the error (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the mechanical properties of a manipulandum on human operator dynamics. II. Viscosity

Jones

Hunter

1993

Biol. Cybern.

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The influence of the viscosity of a manipulandum used by a human operator in a position-control pursuit-tracking task was examined. An active servo-system was used to set the viscosity of a manipulandum (motor) connected to the forearm to one of seven levels ranging in a geometric series from 12 to 800 N.s/m. During each condition the viscosity of the motor was held constant by a computer while subjects tracked, by moving their forearm in the sagittal plane, a visually presented target whose position changed randomly every 1.5 s for 255 s. Nonparametric and parametric impulse response functions were calculated between the input (target) and output (position) in each tracking condition. Nonparametric analyses revealed that subjects became sluggish at higher viscosities (above 200 N.s/m) and took longer to reach the target. A second-order low-pass transfer function was found to provide a very good description of tracking performance at each viscous level. The gain and damping parameter of this transfer function were not affected by the manipulandum's viscosity, whereas both the pure delay and natural frequency of the human operator system decreased systematically with increasing manipulandum viscosity. These findings suggest that over the range of viscosities studied, there is no speed-accuracy trade-off in terms of determining an optimal level of manipulandum viscosity for a human operator, and that a less viscous interface will result in faster performance.

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Human operator dynamics in manual tracking systems with auditory input

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of the mechanical properties of a manipulandum on human operator dynamics

Influence of the mechanical properties of a manipulandum on human operator dynamics

Analysis of Pilot Interaction with the Control Adapting System for UAV

Influence of the mechanical properties of a manipulandum on human operator dynamics. II. Viscosity

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