Human papilloma virus: Apprehending the link with carcinogenesis and unveiling new research avenues (Review)

Boda, Daniel; Docea, Anca Oana; Calina, Daniela; Ilie, Mihaela; Căruntu, Constantin; Zurac, Sabina; Neagu, Monica; Constantin, Carolina; Brănişteanu, D; Voiculescu, Vlad Mihai; Mamoulakis, Charalampos; Tzanakakis, George N.; Spandidos, Demetrios Α.; Drakoulis, Nikolaos; Tsatsakis, Aristidis

doi:10.3892/ijo.2018.4256

Cited by 124 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(229 reference statements)

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“…High-risk a-HPV is causally associated with 99% of cervical, 25% of head and neck, 70% of vaginal, 88% of anal, 43% of vulvar and 50% of penile carcinomas, in descending order by prevalence. [34][35][36][37][38][39] We found high-risk a-HPV in 57.9% of cuSCC, that is moderate prevalence among these HSV-related tumours. The incidence of HPV-positive head and neck carcinomas has significantly increased over the past decades.…”

Section: P-valuementioning

confidence: 57%

“…A total of 134 skin samples were collected from 76 cuSCC, 34 Bowen's disease, 48 AK patients and 10 patients with healthy skin (Table 1). Of the cuSCC patients, we compared a-HPV prevalence in 38 young individuals, ranging in age from 33 to 59 years (mean age of 50.6 AE 6.4), and 38 elderly individuals from 65 to 96 years (mean age of 81.3 AE 6.9).…”

Section: Patient Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this phase, there is a low viral gene expression and thus infected cells are difficult to detect. 34,47 It might have reduced the sensitivity of detecting HPV-DNA.…”

Section: P-valuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of high‐risk α‐genus human papillomavirus genotypes impacts cutaneous neoplasms

Aoki

Clanner‐Engelshofen

Charnowski

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Background High‐risk α‐genus human papillomaviruses (α‐HPVs) are linked to cervical and genital carcinomas; however, their correlation with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) or premalignant skin lesions remains controversial. Objective We evaluated the contribution of high‐risk α‐HPV to the occurrence of cuSCC, Bowen's disease and actinic keratosis (AK), and the distribution of high‐risk α‐HPV genotypes in these cutaneous tumours. Methods HPV genotypes were determined using a commercial PCR‐based microarray on skin tissue samples collected from 76 [38 young (<60 years) and 38 elderly (>60 years)] cuSCC, 34 Bowen's disease, 48 AK patients and 10 young controls. Associations between α‐HPV prevalence and relevant risk factors were analysed. Results High‐risk α‐HPV was more frequently detected in cuSCC patients (57.9%) than in the patients with Bowen's disease (38.2%), AK (0.0%) and control patients (10.0%). The high‐risk α‐HPV prevalence was higher in young than in elderly cuSCC patients (65.8% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.031). The most common HPV type was 16, present in 90.9% of all HPV‐carrying cuSCC patients. Multiple infections with different high‐risk α‐HPV types were found in 20.5% of HPV‐related cuSCC, whereas only single infection with type 16 was found in Bowen's disease. Although sun exposure is known as a major risk factor for cuSCC, high‐risk α‐HPVs were more frequently found in non‐exposed sites rather than in sun‐exposed sites of cuSCC. Conclusion Multiple infections, as well as single infection with high‐risk α‐HPV may link to cuSCC. In spite of the involvement of high‐risk α‐HPV at high levels in cuSCC and Bowen's disease, no high‐risk α‐HPV was detected in AK patients, suggesting that Bowen's disease rather than AK might be involved in the development of HPV‐related cuSCC as a precursor.

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Section: P-valuementioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Patient Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distribution of high‐risk α‐genus human papillomavirus genotypes impacts cutaneous neoplasms

Aoki

Clanner‐Engelshofen

Charnowski

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…During HR-HPV infection, E6 has the ability to inhibit the function of p53 [15,16], and E7 has the ability to bind to the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. HR-HPV-infected cells involving these oncoproteins show proliferation and malignant transformation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main factors in the malignant transformation are E6 and E7 proteins [14]. E6 has the ability to induce the formation of a complex with ubiquitin ligase and p53, resulting in inhibition of p53-mediated apoptosis [15,16]. E7 has the ability to bind to the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, resulting in inhibition of Rb functions such as cell cycle regulation [17].…”

Section: Hpv Infection and Cervical Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preventive Effect of Dietary Antioxidants against Cervical Cancer versus the Promotive Effect of Tobacco Smoking

2019

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Uterine cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and its etiology has been recognized. High-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) infection induces an opportunity for malignant transformation. This paper discusses the current issues based on a review of the literature and compares the impact of the dietary and nutrient intake to the impact of tobacco smoking on cervical cancer development. The important roles of diet/nutrition in cervical cancer are as prophylaxis against HR-HPV infection. Antioxidant vitamins can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, stabilize the p53 protein, prevent DNA damage, and reduce immunosuppression. In contrast, tobacco smoking not only causes DNA adducts and strand breaks, but it independently causes an increased viral load in HR-HPV-infected cells. Tobacco smoking induces the heightened expression of E6 and E7 and can inhibit the immune system response to HPV. What happens when two materials, which have opposite effects on cervical cells, are taken in at the same time? The negative effects of tobacco smoking may be stronger than the positive effects of vitamins, vegetables, and fruits on the regression of cervical disease such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). A relatively low intake of vitamins, vegetables, and fruits in combination with tobacco smoking was most associated with a high incidence of cervical neoplasia.

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Considerations in Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer Screening

Day

Fakhry

Tiro

et al. 2020

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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he incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is rising with notable associated morbidity, mortality, and cost, yet current preventive interventions are inadequate. In the US, HPV-positive OPC has surpassed cervical cancer as the most common HPV-associated cancer, with more than 13 000 new diagnoses annually. 1 Treatment may result in substantial morbidity, including death, 2-4 and is costly; the economic burden of OPC in the US is estimated to be much greater than $300 million annually. 1,5 Despite current prophylactic vaccination efforts, the incidence of OPC is projected to double in middleaged and older adult men over the next decade. 6 The absence of secondary prevention or screening for HPV-positive OPC represents a gap in care and a potential opportunity to reduce the burden of this disease.This article will explore the evidence associated with screening for HPV-positive OPC. Mucosal types of HPV are typically sexually transmitted and are detected in 80% of US adults at some point in their lifetime. 7 The prevalence of high-risk oral HPV-16 infec-tions-1 of 13 high-risk types of HPV-is 1.8% in men and 0.3% in women. 8 Because approximately 82% of HPV-positive OPC is attributable to HPV-16, 9 the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) announced in 2014 that "future assessment of…the health effect of screening persons who are [oral] HPV-16-positive" may be warranted. 10 However, to our knowledge, there is only 1 ongoing clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02897427) evaluating the secondary prevention of HPV-positive OPC-a single-institution trial evaluating a blood-based HPV-16 antibody test in men aged 50 to 64 years.The objective of this narrative review is to evaluate considerations in screening for HPV-positive OPC in the context of the methods applied by the USPSTF. 11,12 We will use the 8 key questions identified in the USPSTF analytic framework (Box; Figure 1) to assess the effectiveness and safety of the potential preventive service. 11,12 Following this, we will discuss HPV vaccination, which provides an important backdrop for secondary prevention of HPVpositive OPC.IMPORTANCE The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is anticipated to rise over the next few decades until the effects of prophylactic vaccination are realized, which highlights the potential importance of secondary prevention. The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence associated with screening for HPV-positive OPC.OBSERVATIONS Evaluation of a potential clinical preventive screening service requires characterization of the disease burden, the at-risk target screening population, screening tests, treatment, and screening benefits and harms. The lifetime risk of OPC is 0.7% for men and 0.2% for women and is expected to increase. The disease burden of HPV-positive OPC is substantial; most patients undergo morbid multimodality treatment and incur high costs in the process. Middle-aged and older adult men with elevated number of lifetim...

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Human papilloma virus: Apprehending the link with carcinogenesis and unveiling new research avenues (Review)

Cited by 124 publications

References 144 publications

Distribution of high‐risk α‐genus human papillomavirus genotypes impacts cutaneous neoplasms

Distribution of high‐risk α‐genus human papillomavirus genotypes impacts cutaneous neoplasms

The Preventive Effect of Dietary Antioxidants against Cervical Cancer versus the Promotive Effect of Tobacco Smoking

Considerations in Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer Screening

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