Human papilloma virus infection and risks of developing cervical cancer: A review in the context of Nigerian situation

Abstract

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection poses a significant risk factor for the development of cervical cancer, particularly in regions with limited access to preventive measures. This study conducts a comprehensive assessment of the dose-response relationship between HPV infection and the subsequent risk of cervical cancer development in Nigeria. Exposure evaluation was conducted through an extensive review of epidemiological data, including HPV prevalence rates and cervical cancer incidence rates across various regions in Nigeria. The evaluation highlighted a notable correlation between the prevalence of HPV infection and the incidence of cervical cancer, suggesting a dose-response relationship. Risk characterization revealed that Nigerian women, particularly those in underserved communities, face a heightened risk of developing cervical cancer due to persistent HPV infection. Factors such as lack of awareness, limited access to screening programs and socioeconomic disparities further exacerbate this risk. Based on the findings, recommendations for mitigating the risk of cervical cancer in Nigeria include implementing widespread HPV vaccination programs targeting adolescent girls, enhancing access to cervical cancer screening and early detection services, and promoting public awareness campaigns on HPV infection and its link to cervical cancer. Additionally, efforts to improve healthcare infrastructure and address socioeconomic barriers are crucial for effectively reducing the burden of cervical cancer in Nigeria. This study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive strategies aimed at preventing HPV infection and reducing the incidence of cervical cancer in Nigeria, ultimately improving women's health outcomes nationwide.