Human Papilloma Virus Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Immune System: Pathogenesis, Immunotherapy and Future Perspectives

Khoo, A.; Boyer, M.; Jafri, Z.; Makeham, T.; Pham, T.; Khachigian, L. M.; Floros, P.; Dowling, E.; Fedder, K.; Shonka, D.; Garneau, J.; O’Meara, C. H.

doi:10.3390/ijms25052798

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 244 publications

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“…Compared with HPV- OPC, HPV+ OPC has a higher density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), including CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Regulatory T cells (Treg cells), B cells, and plasma cells ( Matlung et al, 2016 ; Gurin et al, 2020 ; Mito et al, 2021 ; Tosi et al, 2022 ). Among these, high levels of infiltrating CD20+ B cells and reduced macrophage infiltration are associated with a favorable patient prognosis ( Wang Z. et al, 2023 ; Khoo et al, 2024 ). Tumor-associated macrophages can promote angiogenesis, nutrient deprivation, and immune suppression, thereby promoting tumor growth and treatment resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oropharyngeal cancer and human papillomavirus: a visualization based on bibliometric analysis and topic modeling

Liu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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ObjectivesThe incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is increasing. This study used bibliometric analysis and topic modeling to explore the research trends and advancements in this disease over the past 10 years, providing valuable insights to guide future investigations.Methods7,355 English articles from 2013 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection for bibliometric analysis. Topic modeling was applied to 1,681 articles from high-impact journals, followed by an assessment of topic significance ranking (TSR). Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were extracted using R and Python, followed by an analysis of the terms associated with each topic and on an annual basis. Additionally, genes were extracted and the number of genes appearing each year and the newly emerged genes were counted.ResultsThe bibliometric analysis suggested that the United States and several European countries hold pivotal positions in research. Current research is focused on refining treatments, staging and stratification. Topic modeling revealed 12 topics, emphasizing human papillomavirus (HPV) and side effect reduction. MeSH analysis revealed a growing emphasis on prognosis and quality of life. No new MeSH terms emerged after 2018, suggesting that the existing terms have covered most of the core concepts within the field of oropharyngeal cancers. Gene analysis identified TP53 and EGFR as the most extensively studied genes, with no novel genes discovered after 2019. However, CD69 and CXCL9 emerged as new genes of interest in 2019, reflecting recent research trends and directions.ConclusionHPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer research, particularly treatment de-escalation, has gained significant attention. However, there are still challenges in diagnosis and treatment that need to be addressed. In the future, more research will focus on this issue, indicating that this field still holds potential as a research hotspot.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oropharyngeal cancer and human papillomavirus: a visualization based on bibliometric analysis and topic modeling

Liu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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The Next Chapter in Cancer Diagnostics: Advances in HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancer

Krsek,

Baticic,

Braut

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), is an increasingly prevalent pathology worldwide, especially in developed countries. For diagnosing HPV in HNSCC, the combination of p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers high sensitivity and specificity, with p16 IHC being a reliable initial screen and PCR confirming HPV presence. Advanced techniques like next-generation sequencing (NGS) and RNA-based assays provide detailed insights but are primarily used in research settings. Regardless of HPV status, standard oncological treatments currently include surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy. This conventional approach does not account for the typically better prognosis of HPV-positive HNSCC patients, leading to increased chemo/radiation-induced secondary morbidities and reduced quality of life. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and detect HPV positivity and other molecular characteristics of HNSCC to personalize treatment strategies. This comprehensive review aims to summarize current knowledge on various HPV detection techniques and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages, with a focus on developing methodologies to identify new biomarkers in HPV-positive HNSCC. The review discusses direct and indirect HPV examination in tumor tissue, DNA- and RNA-based detection techniques, protein-based markers, liquid biopsy potentials, immune-related markers, epigenetic markers, novel biomarkers, and emerging technologies, providing an overall insight into the current state of knowledge.

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HPV Detection in Breast Tumors and Associated Risk Factors in Northeastern Brazil

Nascimento,

São Marcos,

Fontes

et al. 2024

Cells

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Breast cancer risk factors include lifestyle, genetic–hormonal influences, and viral infections. Human papillomavirus (HPV), known primarily as the etiological agent of cervical cancer, also appears active in breast carcinogenesis, as evidenced in our study of 56 patients from northeastern Brazil. We assessed the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, correlating them with various breast cancer tumor types. HPV detection involved amplifying the L1 region, with viral load measured using the E2/E6 ratio and viral activity indicated by E5 oncogene expression. Predominantly, patients over 56 years of age with healthy lifestyles showed a high incidence of invasive ductal carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. HPV was detected in 35.7% of cases, mostly HPV16, which is associated with high viral loads (80 copies per cell) and significant E5 expression. These results hint at a possible link between HPV and breast carcinogenesis, necessitating further studies to explore this association and the underlying viral mechanisms.

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Human Papilloma Virus Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Immune System: Pathogenesis, Immunotherapy and Future Perspectives

Cited by 3 publications

References 244 publications

Oropharyngeal cancer and human papillomavirus: a visualization based on bibliometric analysis and topic modeling

Oropharyngeal cancer and human papillomavirus: a visualization based on bibliometric analysis and topic modeling

The Next Chapter in Cancer Diagnostics: Advances in HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancer

HPV Detection in Breast Tumors and Associated Risk Factors in Northeastern Brazil

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