Human papillomavirus antibody response following HAART initiation among MSM

Abstract

Objective: To describe effects of HAART on high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) antibody response in HIV-positive MSM and the meaning of this response for subsequent HPV-related cancer risk. Methods: For each individual, two serum samples, one at HAART initiation (pre-HAART) and another 24 months later (post-HAART), were tested for L1 antibodies to HPV6,11,16,18,31,33,35, 45, 52 and 58, as well as HPV16-E6 antibodies, using a multiplex serology assay. Identification of HPV-related cancer included data linkage with Swiss cancer registries.Results: Pre-HAART, 45.2% were seropositive for any high-risk HPV-L1 and 32.4% for HPV16-L1. Sexual intercourse during the last 6 months was the only evaluated factor associated with L1 seropositivity pre-HAART. Seropositivity increased post-HAART to 60.5% for any high-risk HPV-L1 [prevalence ratio versus pre-HAART ¼ 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.57] and 48.0% for HPV16-L1 (prevalence ratio versus pre-HAART ¼ 1.48, 95% CI 1.20-1.83), and seroconversion was significantly associated with both lower CD4 þ cell count and CD4 þ /CD8 þ ratio (P < 0.01). Only one individual was HPV16-E6-seropositive pre-HAART, but two more seroconverted post-HAART. Anal cancer incidence among the three HPV16-E6-positives post-HAART was significantly increased compared with HPV16-E6-negatives (incidence rate ratio ¼ 63.1, 95% CI 1.1-1211).

Human Papillomavirus Seroprevalence and Association with Anal HPV Infection and Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Australian Gay and Bisexual Men

“…The prevalence of HPV16 E6 antibodies in SPANC participants, presumed to be cancer-free on enrollment, was 2.3%, slightly higher than in the other cancer-free populations described above. However, there are few data on HPV16 E6 seropositivity in populations of homosexual men (32). The association between HPV16 E6 seropositivity and HSIL that we found was of borderline significance, with a 3-fold increase in the likelihood of anal HSIL (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 0.92-9.60).…”

Antibodies against HPV16E6 oncoprotein in the Swiss HIV cohort study: Kinetics and anal cancer risk prediction

“…Samples from 1,356 SHCS participants without anal cancer (and after exclusion of any other potentially HPV‐related cancer or carcinoma in situ : ICD code C01–02, C09–10, C14, C51–53, C60, D06–07) were available from a number of previous SHCS studies and were tested for HPV antibodies using the same platform.…”

“…HPV antibody detection in serum and plasma samples was performed at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, using multiplex bead‐based technology, according to the same protocol as in previous HPV serology studies in the SHCS or elsewhere . In brief, antigens are bacterially expressed, affinity‐purified fusion proteins with N‐terminal Glutathione S‐transferase.…”

Human Papillomavirus Serology Among Women Living With HIV: Type-Specific Seroprevalence, Seroconversion, and Risk of Cervical Reinfection

“…Similarly, among 6,528 women in Costa Rica [16] 21.7% of women with HPV-DNA at baseline had seroconversion for HPV16 over a median 6.4 years, and was higher among women with persistent compared to cleared infection. While there are no studies among WLHIV to make any comparison, seroconversion among 245 HIVinfected men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Netherlands following anal or penile HPV infection was 23% over 12 months [17] and 42% over 24 months among 281 HIV-infected MSM initiating ART in Switzerland [18].…”