Human papillomavirus detection and p16INK4a expression in cervical lesions: a comparative study

Evaluation of Telomerase (hTert), Ki67 and p16ink4a expressions in low and high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions

“…Current studies indicate that p16 ink4a is a useful biomarker for high-risk lesions and for progression prediction in low-risk ones. These studies show a significant association between the degree of cervical lesion and the distribution and intensity of p16 ink4a expression 5,6 . Ki67 is another cell proliferation marker expressed at all stages of the cell cycle, except in the G0 phase, and which, although not specifically involved in the cervical carcinogenic process, has an independent predictive value as to grading and evaluating disease progression 7 .…”

“…We observed a lower percentage of positivity for p16 ink4a in CIN II than in CIN III, although both overexpressed this marker with high intensity (53.8% of CIN II and 62.5% of CIN III). In the study of Genovés 6 , evaluating 92 patients, p16…”

“…Furthermore, the behavior of CIN II is still uncertain, and so far, this lesion receives the same treatment as CIN III, a standardized conduct based on the 1991 Bethesda consensus 17 . However, in recent years, its aggressiveness has been questioned, since it behaves dubiously, with a significant number of cases showing good evolution, spontaneous regression or indolent behavior 6,7 . The establishment of recurrence risk markers for this type of lesion is thus innovative, and could define which patients would require surgical treatment and which would be likely to remain in clinical follow-up.…”

Expressions of programmed death (PD)‐1 and PD‐1 ligand (PD‐L1) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinomas are of prognostic value and associated with human papillomavirus status

“…Clinically, P16 INK4a is a determinant of biological behavior in CIN and cervical cancer, and is also a prognostic biomarker. [28][29][30] Solano et al found that activation of APC is important in maintaining the activity of the PI3K/AKT/HES pathway downstream of the P16 INK4a protein. 31 When APC activity was continuously decreased, the expression of the P16 INK4a gene also gradually decreased within a week.…”

The role of p16 as putative biomarker for cervical neoplasia: A controversial issue?

“…10 One report claimed that CIN 2 diagnosis could only be confirmed by p16 immunostaining 12 and another one showed a five-fold higher risk of cancer progression in positive p16 CIN 2 specimens than negative p16 CIN 2 which may spontaneously regress. 13 Women have a range of approximately two years of stable CIN development and rarely progress to cancer. 14 Additionally, p16 can be useful for identifying high grade lesion when histological features are equivocal but p16 utility in screening and in conjunction with other markers…”