Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype prevalence and impact of COVID-19 on the HPV prevention program in Duhok city

Daniel, Shameran; Mohammed, Avan Saeed; Ibrahim, Nashwan; Hussein, Nawfal R; Balatay, Amer A; Naqid, Ibrahim A.; Shekho, Chiman Kanaan; Musa, Dildar Haji; Saleem, Zana Sidiq M.

doi:10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100055

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It is known that person in this age also have sexual exploration and they want to have sexual experience until they reach to the midtwenties [29, 30]. in our culture sexual activity is forbidden in the outside of the marriage because all the participants are students, they can’t marriage at this age, so they watched pornography that don’t have any restriction increase the chance for viewing it [31, 32]. 69.71% of the participants strongly disagree in watching the pornography this explained that still the community have an awareness their side effects and it is culturally unacceptable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in Pornography Use and Associated Factors among high school students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mahmood

Abdulqadir

Khalid

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background and aim: The pornography consuming is increasing through the availability of the internet worldwide and the availability of the pornographic sites without any restriction, pornographic sites have many complications in the consumer and lacking survey in our country which make sense to conduct this study. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of pornography watching among high school students and factors associated with pornography viewing. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Zakho independent administration, Kurdistan Region, Iraq among 5 different high school students and 2 institutions. This survey was conducted using a paper questionnaire administered to the participants between April and July 2022. Chi-square analysis was performed to identify possible risk factors for viewing porn and results were expressed as a p value Results: Total number of the participants included in this study was 921 with an average age of 16.78 years. More than half of participants was male (54.83%), viewed pornography alone (49.08%) and about 69.71% disagree on watching porn. There were statistically significant differences (p <0.001) in the attitude and practice of men compared with women throughout all tested variables. About 50.71% of the participants were viewed pornography at least once in a lifetime, among those 65.1% are male and 34.9% of them are female and 92.55% of participants agree to close pornography sites Conclusion: The prevalence of pornography among high school students is high. Young age, and male gender are predictors for higher pornography viewing and should be considered when designing public health intervention in a related context. Longitudinal studies for investigating pornography consumption among different educational levels are needed to assess the causal relationship between pornography consumption and associated factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in Pornography Use and Associated Factors among high school students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mahmood

Abdulqadir

Khalid

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Males play a crucial role in the transmission cycle of sexually transmitted diseases, and those who test positive for HPV can also facilitate reinfection in their female partners. [52][53][54] Thus, acknowledging the role of HPV infection in males as a conduit for HPV transmission to females could significantly influence the adoption of preventive measures for cervical health. The overall incidence of HPV infection appeared to have decreased during the pandemic 55 ; however, our study revealed an unexpected trend in which male HPV infection rates remained unaffected by isolation and containment measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types, such as HPV16, 18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59, and 68, are known to cause cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, and other malignant lesions. 6 Conversely, low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) types, including HPV6, 11,42,43,44,54,61,70,72, and 81, are associated with benign lesions such as genital warts. 7,8 HPV16 and 18 are causally linked to approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases, whereas HPV6 and 11 are responsible for 90% of condyloma acuminatum cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection in Beijing, China

Yi,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections nationwide. The COVID‐19 pandemic has greatly influenced on the HPV prevention project. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of the pandemic on HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in Beijing, China. A total of 44 401 genital swabs were obtained from outpatients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital during two distinct periods: the prepandemic stage from January 2017 to December 2019 and the pandemic stage from January 2020 to December 2022. During the prepandemic and pandemic stages, a total of 33 531 and 10 870 swabs were respectively collected. Fifteen high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) DNA type and a combination of two low‐risk (LR‐HPV) types (6/11) of genital swabs were detected to compare the HPV infection rates and genotype distributions in two stages. The results showed that the pandemic period witnessed a decrease in the overall HPV infection rate from 33.43% (11 245/33 531) to 29.43% (5527/18 780) compared to the prepandemic. There were statistically significant differences in infection rates between females and males (p < 0.05). Single infection was the predominant type while multiple infection was more prevalent in males than females in both prepandemic and pandemic periods. HR‐HPV infection constituted the majority of infections and cannot be disregarded. The distribution of HR‐HPV genotypes exhibited little variation before and after the outbreak, but there were some differences between females and males. HPV 16, 52, 58, 56, and 66 were the most commonly detected genotypes in females, whereas HPV 16, 52, 51, 58, and 18 were frequently detected in males. Additionally, HPV 6/11 exhibited a higher prevalence in males than in females. Notably, the age group of 31−40 years old exhibited the highest prevalence of HPV and the lowest infection rate was detected among individuals aged ≤20 years (p < 0.05), which remained relatively consistent before and during the pandemic. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the trend of HPV epidemic and offer valuable insights for the prevention, treatment, and scientific investigation of HPV in the post‐COVID‐19 era.

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the region’s healthcare system including medical education [ 26 – 28 ]. This has negatively impacted and postponed many infection prevention programs in the Kurdistan Region [ 29 ]. This might be linked to low vaccination coverage in our study.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B vaccination status and knowledge, attitude, and practice towards Hepatitis B virus among medical sciences students: A cross-sectional study

Naqid,

Mosa,

Ibrahim

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background and aims Healthcare staff are at high risk of occupational exposure to Hepatitis B and other blood-borne diseases. Lack of education about the knowledge of Hepatitis B virus contributes to an increase in cases. This study aims to determine the knowledge of the Hepatitis B virus among the medical professionals in Duhok province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and to determine their knowledge of the importance of vaccination. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Duhok province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, among medical science students from November 2022 to February 2023 and a total of 511 students participated in the study. A Self-administered questionnaire comprising 22 items categorized into five sections was distributed to the students either electronically or by paper and pen method. The survey utilized a Five-point Likert scale when assessing respondents’ opinions on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP). Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism 9 were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 511 responses were collected from medical, dental, pharmacy, and laboratory students. The average age of the participants was 20.74 ±1.43 years. Among the respondents, only 96 (18.8%) were fully vaccinated against the Hepatitis B virus (received 3 or more doses of the vaccine), while 294 (57.5%) were not vaccinated. Lack of vaccination programs was the major reason for not receiving a vaccination (n = 182, 62%). About 286 (55.96%) of the participants had good knowledge, attitude, and practice on Hepatitis B, manifesting median scores of 26, 18, and 20, respectively. Conclusion In our study, half of the students were found to be unvaccinated, mainly due to the absence of vaccination programs. Vaccinated students exhibited better knowledge, attitude, and practice toward the infection than non-vaccinated students. Therefore, we recommend the implementation of a vaccination program as well as training on infection prevention guidelines to increase awareness and encourage vaccination.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype prevalence and impact of COVID-19 on the HPV prevention program in Duhok city

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

Gender differences in Pornography Use and Associated Factors among high school students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gender differences in Pornography Use and Associated Factors among high school students: A Cross-Sectional Study

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection in Beijing, China

Hepatitis B vaccination status and knowledge, attitude, and practice towards Hepatitis B virus among medical sciences students: A cross-sectional study

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