Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and types among Turkish women at a gynecology outpatient unit

Abstract

BackgroundHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known pathogen for lower genital tract neoplasias, yet little is known regarding HPV prevalence in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HPV DNA and to determine HPV types distribution among women with normal and abnormal cytology.MethodsA total of five hundred seven (n = 507) women were retrospectively evaluated between 2004-2008. Conventional polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of HPV types in cervicovaginal samples obtained from patients during gynecologic examination.ResultsOne hundred four (n = 104) of the women were excluded from the study because of the incomplete data and a total of 403 women were used for the final analysis. There were, 93 (23%) women with cytologic abnormality and 310 (77%) women with normal cytology. Overall, 23% of the women was HPV positive. The overall prevalence of HPV in women with abnormal Pap smears was 36% (93/403), of which in ASCUS 22%, LSIL 51% and HSIL 60%. Also, HPV DNA was positive in 20% of the women with normal cervical cytology. The most common HPV types in cytologically normal women were as follows; HPV 16 (36%), HPV 6 (22%) and HPV 18 (13%). The rate of other HPV types were as follows; HPV11 4.4%, HPV45 4.4%, HPV90 4.4%, HPV35 2.2%, HPV67 2.2%, HPV81 2.2%, and multiple type HPVs 8.9%. The most common HPV types in cytologically abnormal women were HPV 16 (35%), HPV6 (19%) and HPV18 (8%). The rate of multiple HPV infections in women with normal Pap test was 2.2%.ConclusionHPV prevalence and type distribution in this study were similar to that reported worldwide at least in our study population. Hovewer, HPV prevalence was more common compared with previous studies reported from Turkey. This might be related with methodology and hospital based patient accrual and high rate of women with abnormal cytology. Further population based prospective studies are needed to eliminate the drawbacks of our study and to determine nonhospital based HPV prevalence in Turkish women.

Knowledge Level of Working and Student Nurses on Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccines

“…Besides, prevalence of HPV was reported to be low as 2-4% in our country (Arvas, 2007;Inal et al, 2007); therefore, this can be interpreted by lack of attention to HPV and cervical cancer. However; in another literature, it was reported that cervical cancer was ranked ninth among common cancers seen in women in our country (Dursun et al, 2009). Due to increase in extramarital sexual intercourse and number of partners and the reduction in age of the onset of unprotected sexual intercourse in our country (Ozdemir et al, 2003;Aydin, 2013), it is suggested that the increase in the prevalence of HPV is inevitable.…”

Awareness and Attitude Relating to the Human Papilloma Virus and its Vaccines Among Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialists in Turkey

“…The primary HPV types associated with anogenital papilloma are the HPV-6 and HPV-11 (Trottier et al, 2006;Warma et al, 2013). While the statistics relating to the disease and the data on the distribution of the HPV serotypes are inadequate in our country, the relevant data and their reliability are gradually increasing (Dursun et al, 2009;Ozcelik et al, 2003;Dursun et al, 2013). Based on the data from the Ministry of Health, the total cancer incidence among Turkish women is estimated to increase from 142.9 to 204 per 100.000 from 2004 to 2011.…”

The Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Infection Among Women who Admitted to Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine Hospital

“…20 Dur sun ve ark. 21 An ka ra' da 2009 yı lın da yap tık la rı bir ça lış ma da nor mal ve anor mal si to lo ji li top lam 403 ka dın da HPV tip le ri nin da ğı lı mı nı tes pit et mek için re al-ti me PCR ana li zi ni kul lan mış tır. HPV geno tip le me si DYE na mic ET Ter mi na tor Cycle Se quen cing Kit (Amers ham Bi os ci en ces Corp., NJ, USA) ile ya pıl mış tır.…”

“…Di ğer HPV tip le ri nin ora nı ise HPV11 için %4.4, HPV45 %4.4, HPV90 %4.4, HPV35 %2.2, HPV67 %2.2 ve HPV81 için ise %2.2 olup, mul tiple HPV en fek si yo nu %8.9 ora nın da dır. 21 Ça lış ma mız da ki ka dın lar da HPV DNA pre valan sı %5.2 (24/460) olup, ül ke miz de ya pı lan ça lış -ma lar da HPV DNA pre va lan sı De niz li' de %4.9'luk oran la bi zim bul gu mu za ben zer iken, 20 İzmir' de %2.14'lük oran la bi zim bul gu muz dan dü şük, 19 buna kar şı lık An ka ra' da ya pı lan iki ça lış ma da Ro ta ve ark.nın 18 bul gu su %11 ile Dur sun ve ark.nın 21 bulgu su %20 oran la rı bi zim bul gu muz dan yük sek tir. Yi ne ça lış ma mız da tek ve/ve ya mul tip le enfeksiyon şek lin de HR HPV enfeksiyon pre va lan sı ise %3 (14/460) olup Dur sun ve ark.nın 21 mul tip le HPV enfeksiyon bul gu su olan %8.9'dan dü şük tür.…”

“…Yi ne An ka ra' dan Dur sun ve ark. 21 si to lo jik ola rak nor mal ka dın lar da HPV16 (%36), HPV6 (%22) ve HPV18 (%13) tip le ri ni en yay gın HPV tip le ri ola rak bil dir miş tir. Ça lış mamız da ise ül ke miz de ki ça lış ma la ra ben zer şekil de HPV 16 (%33.3) en bas kın tip iken, fark lı ola rak ikin ci sı ra da HPV 45 (%20.8) iz le miş tir.…”