Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for individuals with HIV infection

An Immunization Update for HIV-infected Adults in the United States: Review of the Literature

“…Although more than 150 strains of HPV have been identified, 13 are considered high-risk strains and are the primary cause of HPV-related cancers. Most cervical cancers are caused by high-risk strains 16 and 18 (Walboomers et al, 1999), while other strains (HPV 6 and 11) are non-oncogenic types that may cause genital warts and respiratory papillomatosis in both males and females (Markowitz et al, 2014; Sun, Chang, & Rutherford, 2013). …”

“…The clinical concern with this mostly asymptomatic and often self-limited infection is persistent infection, which may lead to cervical, vaginal, or vulvar cancer in women, and anal, penile, or oropharyngeal cancer in men (Sun et al, 2013). PLWH are at increased risk for both HPV infection and HPV-related cancers (Sun et al, 2013), with cervical lesions in HIV-infected women being four times more prevalent compared to uninfected counterparts (Massad & Markwell, 2004).…”

“…PLWH are at increased risk for both HPV infection and HPV-related cancers (Sun et al, 2013), with cervical lesions in HIV-infected women being four times more prevalent compared to uninfected counterparts (Massad & Markwell, 2004). The majority of anal dysplasia and cancer in PLWH occurs in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (Cachay & Mathews, 2014), and the incidence of anal cancer is 42 times higher in PLWH compared to the general population (Sun et al, 2013). …”