Human Papillomavirus in Women With and Without HIV-1 Infection Attending an STI Clinic in Vitoria, Brazil

Abstract

We conducted a cross-sectional study in Vitória, Brazil, to assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women attending a sexually transmitted infection (STI)/AIDS clinic. We also investigated the presence of HPV genotypes and assessed covariates for HIV infection. Enrolled patients received a gynecological evaluation, and cervical scrape samples were collected for cytological analysis and HPV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A blood sample was obtained to determine HIV status. HPV infection and squamous intraepithelial lesions were studied in 284 women, 112 (39.4%) HIV-positive women and 172 (60.5%) HIV-negative women. HPV-DNA was detected in 133 (46.8%). HIV-infected women were almost twice as likely to be concurrently infected with HPV than HIV-negative women (OR 1.87 95% CI:1.16–3.03). The high proportion of HPV detected among women attending an STI/AIDS clinic, particularly among HIV-infected women, proves the importance of screening this high-risk group in the hope of earlier detection and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

High-risk human papillomavirus and cervical lesions among women living with HIV/AIDS in Brazilian Amazon, Brazil

“…These results underscore the importance of routine gynecologic examinations and follow-up in those who present with cervical lesions. These results are in agreement with other Brazilian 10 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 and international studies 12 , 13 , 14 , 24 , 25 that showed high prevalence of high risk HPV among HIV infected women.…”

HPV Genotype Distribution in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia among HIV-Infected Women in Pune, India

“…The global estimates of HPV prevalence among HIV-infected women have varied by region and the level of the HIV epidemic. [13] Studies in HIV-infected women from countries with generalized HIV epidemics, particularly in Africa, have reported a high (45–90%) carcinogenic HPV prevalence [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] while studies from concentrated or low-level HIV epidemics in Asia, including those from India [4] , [5] , [18] , [19] , Latin America [20] , [21] , Europe [22] , [23] , and North America [24] , [25] have reported lower (20–40%) carcinogenic HPV prevalence rates among HIV-infected women. The differences in HPV prevalence in different geographical locales may be attributed to differing behavioral and immunological status of the participants, as well as the differences in primers and sensitivity of the assays used for PCR.…”

Prevalence and risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected women in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

“…It was suggested that the low prevalence of high-grade SIL might be due to earlier access to healthcare and prompt diagnosis, thereby avoiding occurrences of high-grade SILs. 12 …”