Human papillomavirus–positive basaloid squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract: a distinct clinicopathologic and molecular subtype of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma

Chernock, Rebecca D.; Lewis, James S.; Zhang, Qin; El‐Mofty, Samir K.

doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2009.11.015

Cited by 131 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…Some studies have shown no association of HPV/p16 expression with basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, whereas other recent studies have suggested that HPV may be present and accompanied by strong p16 expression, especially in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. [22][23][24][25] It is also important to keep in mind that strong and diffuse p16 staining can occur in adenoid cystic carcinoma, even in the absence of co-existing HPV infection, and focal p16 expression is extremely common in these tumors. Lastly, although p16 overexpression is often used as a surrogate marker for HPV infection in squamous cell carcinoma, it cannot be used in this manner in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

et al. 2012

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Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, particularly basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, may be difficult to distinguish from high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma. Evidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV 16, is frequently found in non-keratinizing oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Immunoreactivity for p16, a surrogate marker for HPV infection, often parallels the HPV infection status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the incidence and correlation between p16 expression and HPV infection in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma is unknown. Sixteen cases of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma, three cases of dedifferentiated adenoid cystic carcinoma and eight cases of low-/intermediate-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma were identified for inclusion in the study. All cases were tested by immunohistochemistry for p16 expression and in situ hybridization for high-and low-risk HPV. Eight cases (100%) of low-to-intermediate-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma were focally positive for p16, all of which were negative for HPV. In all, 14 of 16 cases (88%) of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma and three cases (100%) of dedifferentiated adenoid cystic carcinoma were positive for p16; strong and diffuse staining was noted in three cases (3 of 19, 16%). Two cases (11%) of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma, which were also diffusely positive for p16, showed the presence of high-risk HPV. These findings suggest that the presence of HPV infection in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma is infrequent, even in the presence of p16 immunostaining. Nevertheless, HPV positivity should not be used to exclude the possibility of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma when the differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, although p16 overexpression is often used as a surrogate marker for HPV in squamous cell carcinoma, it cannot be used in this manner in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

et al. 2012

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“…Although they appeared to do well clinically, the number of cases is too small to make any meaningful conclusions. Several histologic variants of SCC, including nonkeratinizing SCC, basaloid SCC, papillary SCC, and undifferentiated carcinoma [7][8][9][10], have been shown to harbor high risk HPV when arising in the oropharynx. Papillary SCC, in particular, can have transcriptionally-active HPV in nonoropharyngeal locations such as the larynx [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These tumors may present as different variants distinct from the typical keratinizingtype SCC, including nonkeratinizing [5,6], basaloid [7,8], and papillary SCC [9] and also undifferentiated carcinoma [10]. It has also been documented in several studies that HPV-related carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract have more favorable prognosis than HPV negative ones [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Relationship to Human Papillomavirus and Review of the Literature

Masand

El‐Mofty

et al. 2011

Head and Neck Pathol

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Adenosquamous carcinoma (ADSC) of the head and neck is an aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Certain variants of head and neck SCC are human papillomavirus (HPV)-related and have better prognosis. The relationship of HPV to head and neck ADSC has not been investigated. We searched our files for the term ''adenosquamous'' and head and neck subsites and found cases from 1998 to 2009. The requisite histologic criteria were the presence of SCC combined with distinct gland formation and/or intracellular mucin. DNA in situ hybridization for high-risk HPV, RNA in situ hybridization for high risk HPV E6 and E7 transcripts, and immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53 were performed. The existing literature on ADSC was also reviewed. Of the 18 cases, eight were from the larynx and hypopharynx, four from the oral cavity, three from the oropharynx, and three from the nasal cavity. Three cases (16%) showed both high risk HPV E6 and E7 and p16 expression, one from the nasal cavity and two from the oropharynx. Both oropharyngeal carcinoma patients were alive and disease free at 34 and 103 months, respectively. ADSCs of the head and neck are a heterogeneous group of tumors. A small minority of cases harbor HPV and most of these, particularly those occurring at sites with known high prevalence of HPV, show active viral transcription with detectable E6 and E7 and overexpression of p16. The HPV-related oropharyngeal cases, though rare, appear to do very well clinically, while the remaining cohort of ADSC patients do quite poorly. Head and neck ADSC appears to be a mixed variant that can be further classified according to its HPV status.

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“…However, currently BSCC is not considered to be a high-grade carcinoma, particularly in the group of BSCC that show human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Studies indicate that HPV plays an etiologic role in a subset of BSCC, specifically BSCC in the oropharynx [15]. In this region, up to 75% of BSCC contain high-risk HPV DNA and show elevated expression of p16.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphenoid Sinus Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as a Sellar Mass: Report a Case with Review of the Literature

Eskandari

Fowler

2010

Head and Neck Pathol

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Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a distinctive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with more aggressive behavior. It occurs preferentially in the upper aerodigestive tract. Sinonasal tract BSCC is uncommon, and only limited studies have been reported in literature. In these studies, most BSCCs arose from the nasal mucosa with or without extension to the paranasal sinuses. Rare reported cases of BSCC involved only the paranasal sinus. In this report, we present a case of a female patient with a sphenoid sinus mass. Clinically, the patient had progressively decreasing vision and headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomographic (CT) scan showed an infiltrating tumor mass involving the sphenoid sinus and the sella with compression of the optic nerve. Pathologic examination revealed an invasive basaloid epithelial neoplasm that was arranged in lobules, nests and cords. The tumor also showed palisading of peripheral cells, focal abrupt squamous differentiation and in situ carcinoma in the surface mucosa. In the immunohistochemical studies, this tumor revealed a strongly positive nuclear staining for p63. The morphologic and ancillary studies indicated a BSCC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sinonasal tract BSCC that mainly involved the sphenoid bone and sella. In this region, BSCC should be distinguished from benign and malignant neoplasms that more often affect sella and base of skull, such as pituitary adenoma with extensive necrosis, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC), olfactory neuroblastoma, malignant germ cell tumor, paranasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and a variety of metastatic malignancies.

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Human papillomavirus–positive basaloid squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract: a distinct clinicopathologic and molecular subtype of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma

Cited by 131 publications

References 32 publications

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Relationship to Human Papillomavirus and Review of the Literature

Sphenoid Sinus Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as a Sellar Mass: Report a Case with Review of the Literature

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