Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution in Vietnamese male patients between 2016 and 2020

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men is a serious issue because it is associated with genital warts, anogenital cancers, and HPV transmission to their sex partners. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotypes of HPVs in Vietnamese male patients hospitalized with sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms between 2016 and 2020 by using polymerase chain reaction and reverse dot blot hybridization analysis. HPV DNA was detected in 191/941 (20.3%) penile cell samples. The HPV patient's mean age was 30.3 in the range of 16-and 69-yearold. The highest HPV prevalence (84.7%) was found in patients between 20-and 39-year-old. A total of 313 HPV genotypes were identified. The multiple-infection rate was 42.9%. The most common high-risk (HR)-HPV genotypes were HPV-16 (8.0%), HPV-51 (7.7%), HPV-52 (4.8%), HPV-56 (4.2%), and HPV-18 (3.8%).Furthermore, HPV-11 and HPV-6 genotypes were the two most common low-risk (LR)-HPV genotypes with the rate of 36.7% and 21.4%, respectively. Notably, HPV-52 was found circulating in Vietnam for the first time. In conclusion, this study results showed that HPV prevalence in Vietnamese male patients was common and diverse. In addition, regarding public health and cancer prevention, the inclusion of the HPV vaccination into the national vaccination program for both men and women is recommended.

Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution in Liaocheng men between 2016 and 2022

“…Between 1995 and 2009, the five most prevalent types worldwide were HPV16, HPV18, HPV52, HPV31, and HPV58 46 . Similar to our result, HPV16 was the most prevalent HR‐HPV type in the Czech, 30 Vietnam 42 , and Japan 41 . In Shanghai, China, HPV16, HPV59, and HPV52 were the most popular HR‐HPVs, whereas the three most frequent LR‐HPVs were HPV6, HPV11, and HPV43 39 .…”

“…In our study, HPV prevalence was highest in the 30–39 (34.09%) and 20–29 (28.52%) age groups and decreased in the >40 age group. These findings are similar to the age distribution of Vietnamese male patients, with the highest HPV infection rate in the 20–39 age group, and the rate decreased in the >40 age group 42 . Notably, children also have HPV infection risk through the placenta, the amniotic fluid or via contact with maternal genital mucosa during natural birth 2 .…”

“…However, 69.60% of HR-HPV types were not protected by the 9 v HPV vaccines, especially the prevalence of the top genotypes (HPV59, HPV66, HPV56, HPV39, HPV51, and HPV53) in this region. Therefore, these HR-HPV genotypes should be prioritized in future vaccine optimization.In our study, HPV prevalence was highest in the 30-39 (34.09%) and 20-29 (28.52%) age groups and decreased in the >40 age group.These findings are similar to the age distribution of Vietnamese male patients, with the highest HPV infection rate in the 20-39 age group, and the rate decreased in the >40 age group 42. Notably, children also have HPV infection risk through the placenta, the amniotic fluid or via contact with maternal genital mucosa during natural birth 2.…”

“…41 The multiple infection rate was 42.9% in Vietnam males. 42 Multiple infections accounted for 44.53%…”

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection in Beijing, China

“…9 Persistent HR-HPV infection in the cervical cavity may contribute to the development of cervical cancer and its precursors, 10 while patients with genital warts often exhibit HR-HPV infection. [11][12][13] The prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes have been demonstrated to vary by geographic region 1,[13][14][15] and even within a country. [16][17][18] Higher prevalence was found in less-developed regions: 22.1% in Africa and 20.4% in Central America and Mexico, compared with Northern America (11.3%), Europe (8.1%), and Asia (8.0%).…”